8
HASSAN ET AL.
2. Domagala JM, Hanna LD, Heifetz CL, et al. New structure‐activ-
ity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials using the target
enzyme. The development and application of a DNA gyrase
assay. J Med Chem. 1986;29(3):394‐404.
18. Garcia MA, Solans C, Calvo A, et al. HPLC separation and
quantification of ofloxacin enantiomers in rabbit plasma.
Application to pharmacokinetic studies. Chromatographia.
2002;56(1‐2):39‐42.
3. de Souza NJ, Gupte SV, Deshpande PK, et al. A chiral
benzoquinolizine‐2‐carboxylic acid arginine salt active against
vancomycin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Chem.
2005;48(16):5232‐5242.
19. Wong FA, Juzwin SJ, Flor SC. Rapid stereospecific high‐perfor-
mance liquid chromatographic determination of levofloxacin in
human plasma and urine.
J
Pharm Biomed Anal.
1997;15(6):765‐771.
4. Morrissey I, Hoshino K, Sato K, et al. Mechanism of differential
activities of ofloxacin enantiomers. Antimicrob Agents
Chemother. 1996;40(8):1775‐1784.
20. Dutt Sharma S, Singh G. Enantioseparation of nadifloxacin by
high performance liquid chromatography. Adv Anal Chem.
2012;2:25‐31.
5. FDA policy statement for the development of new stereomeric
drugs. Chirality. 1992;4:338‐340.
21. Yeole RD, Jadhav AS, Patil KR, et al. Validated chiral high‐per-
formance liquid chromatography method for a novel anti‐
methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus fluoroquinolone
WCK 771. J Chromatogr A. 2006;1108(1):38‐42.
6. Ali I, Aboul‐Enein HY, Ghanem A. Enantioselective toxicity and
carcinogenesis. Curr Pharm Anal. 2005;1(1):109‐125.
22. Bhavyasri K, Rambabu D, Prasad PSS, Balaram VM. Separation
of the two enantiomers of gatifloxacin by SFC on amylose based
stationary phase. J Chem Pharm Res. 2012;4:4915‐4920.
7. Basheer A. Chemical chiral pollution: impact on the society and
science and need of the regulations in the 21st century. Chirality.
23. Nirogi R, Kota S, Vennila S, et al. High‐performance liquid chro-
matographic method for the separation of enantiomeric
gatifloxacin. J Chromatogr Sci. 2010;48(2):100‐103.
8. Sousa J, Alves G, Fortuna A, Falcão A. Analytical methods for
determination of new fluoroquinolones in biological matrices
and pharmaceutical formulations by liquid chromatography: a
review. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012;403(1):93‐129.
24. Kannappan V, Mannemala SS. Multiple response optimization
of a HPLC method for the determination of enantiomeric purity
of S‐ofloxacin. Chromatographia. 2014;77(17‐18):1203‐1211.
9. Grellet J, Ba B, Saux MC. High‐performance liquid chromato-
graphic separation of fluoroquinolone enantiomers: a review.
J Biochem Biophys Methods. 2002;54(1‐3):221‐233.
25. Sun X, Wu D, Shao B, Zhang J. High‐performance liquid‐chro-
matographic separation of ofloxacin using a chiral stationary
phase. Anal Sci. 2009;25(7):931‐933.
10. Ali I, Suhail M, Asnin L. Chiral separation of quinolones by
liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci.
2017;40(14):2863‐2882.
26. Maia AS, Castro PML, Tiritan ME. Integrated liquid chromatog-
raphy method in enantioselective studies: biodegradation of
ofloxacin by an activated sludge consortium. J Chromatogr B.
2016;1029:174‐183.
11. Asnin L, Ali I. Chiral chromatography of quinolones: trends and
application in the analysis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Bull
Perm State Pharmaceut Acad No. 2016;18:43‐44.
27. Fang Z, Guo Z, Qin Q, Fan J, Yin Y, Zhang W. Semi‐preparative
enantiomeric separation of ofloxacin by HPLC. J Chromatogr
Sci. 2012;51:133‐137.
12. Machida M, Izawa S, Hori W, Ishida R, Uchida H. Pharmacoki-
netics of gatifloxacin, a new quinolone, and its enantiomers: II.
Enantioselective method for the determination of gatifloxacin
and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in animals.
Jpn J Chemo. 1999;47(Suppl 2):124‐130.
28. Guideline ICH. Validation of analytical procedures: text and
methodology 2005; Q2 (R1).
13. Liu Y, Wang X. Enantioseparation of ofloxacin and its four
related substances with ligand exchange‐micellar electrokinetic
chromatography using copper(II)‐L‐isoleucine complex as chiral
selector. Chirality. 2017;29(8):422‐429.
29. Ali I, Aboul‐Enein HY. Impact of immobilized polysaccharide
chiral stationary phases on enantiomeric separations. J Sep Sci.
2006;29(6):762‐769.
30. Aboul‐Enein HY, Ali I. Optimization strategies for HPLC
enantioseparation of racemic drugs using polysaccharides and
macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotic chiral stationary phases.
Il Farmaco. 2002;57(7):513‐529.
14. Liang X, Zhao L, Deng M, Liu L, Ma Y, Guo X. Separation
of ofloxacin and its six related substances enantiomers by
chiral ligand‐exchange chromatography. Chirality. 2015;
27(11):843‐849.
31. Mosiashvili L, Chankvetadze L, Farkas T, Chankvetadze B. On
the effect of basic and acidic additives on the separation of the
enantiomers of some basic drugs with polysaccharide‐based chi-
ral selectors and polar organic mobile phases. J Chromatogr A.
2013;1317:167‐174.
15. Bi W, Tian M, Row KH. Chiral separation and determination of
ofloxacin enantiomers by ionic liquid‐assisted ligand‐exchange
chromatography. Analyst. 2011;36:379‐387.
16. Shao B, Sun X, Zhang J, Hu J, Dong H, Yang Y. Determination
of ofloxacin enantiomers in sewage using two‐step solid‐phase
extraction and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detec-
tion. J Chromatogr A. 2008;1182(1):77‐84.
32. Gagliardi LG, Tascon M, Castells CB. Effect of temperature
on acid–base equilibria in separation techniques. A review.
Anal Chim Acta. 2015;889:35‐57.
17. Yan H, Row KH. Rapid chiral separation and impurity determi-
nation of levofloxacin by ligand‐exchange chromatography.
Anal Chim Acta. 2007;584(1):160‐165.
33. Ye YK, Stringham RW. Effect of mobile phase acidic additives
on enantioselectivity for phenylalanine analogs. J Chromatogr
A. 2001;927(1‐2):47‐52.