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The free hydrazides were all inactive against NO,
whereas their corresponding complexes exhibit promising
antioxidant potentials. TiCl4 solution was found to possess
poor scavenging ability against NO. Four of the complexes
(1c, 2c, 6c, and 7c) showed inhibitory values lower than the
standard ascorbic acid (AA). The chloro- and iodo-substi-
tuted hydrazide complexes (5c, 6c) exhibit better scav-
enging abilities compared to the fluoro-substituted complex
(4c). Complexes 1 and 2 possess pyridyl rings with nitro-
gen at the meta and para position, respectively; they were
observed to be good antioxidants, but complex 2c exhibited
a
lower IC50 value of 177 lM compared to 1c
(IC50 = 283 lM). Both complexes have similar steric
hindrance but different electronic effects; therefore, elec-
tronic factors may play an important role in their NO
scavenging properties.
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Titanium(IV) complexes with substituted hydrazide ligands
were synthesized and characterized by chemical and
physical measurements. The complexes have octahedral
geometries in which the hydrazide ligands are coordinated
by the primary amine nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen donor
atoms for complexes 1c–6c, while the imino nitrogen is
coordinated in complex 7c. These complexes were more
potent antioxidants against DPPH than their respective free
ligands. The free hydrazide ligands are inactive against
superoxide and nitric oxide, whereas their complexes
showed promising scavenging potential. The electronic and
steric properties of the ligands affect the antioxidative
behavior of their complexes. For nitric oxide, scavenging
ability seems to be dependent upon electronic effects.
Complex 2c exhibited the lowest IC50 values for DPPH and
superoxide and is therefore worthy of further research.
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Acknowledgments Authors are thankful to the Higher Education
Commission of Pakistan for financial support (‘The National
Research Grants Program for Universities,’ Grant No. 1862/R&D/10).
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Compliance with Ethical Standards
29. Kucukguzel SG, Mazi A, Sahin F, Ozturk S, Stables J (2003) Eur
J Med Chem 38:1005–1013
Conflict of interest No potential conflict of interest was reported by
the author(s).
30. Pin Y, Xiaoping Z (1986) J Inorg Biochem 37:61–68
31. Despaigne AAR, Da Silva JG, Do Carmo ACM, Sives F, Piro
OE, Castellano EE, Beraldo H (2009) Polyhedron 28:3797–3803
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