Organic Letters
Letter
(18) Chen, F.; Hou, K.; Li, S.; Zu, Y.; Yang, L. J. Anal. Methods Chem.
2005, 82, 599.
(19) For a recent review on PHWE, see: Teo, C. C.; Tan, S. N.;
Yong, J. W. H.; Huw, C. S.; Ong, E. S. J. Chromatogr. A 2010, 1217,
2484.
AUTHOR INFORMATION
■
Corresponding Authors
(20) Ohira, H.; Torii, N.; Aida, T. M.; Watanabe, M.; Smith, R. L., Jr.
Sep. Purif. Technol. 2009, 69, 102.
Notes
(21) A Breville espresso machine model 800ES, available for ∼US
$300 from retail outlets such as Amazon, was used.
The authors declare no competing financial interest.
(22) Caprioli, G.; Cortese, M.; Cristalli, G.; Maggi, F.; Odello, L.;
Ricciutelli, M.; Sagratini, G.; Sirocchi, V.; Tomassoni, G.; Vittori, S.
Food Chem. 2012, 135, 1127.
(23) For sample preparation, a standard coffee bean/spice grinder
was used to finely divide the plant material. The sample compartment
of the espresso machine holds ∼20 g of ground star anise pods, mixed
in with 2 g of sand as a dispersant.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
■
We acknowledge the School of Physical Sciences − Chemistry
for financial support. J.J. thanks the Australian Government for
an Australian Postgraduate Award.
(24) Ethanol is used as organic modifier in our PHWE method. We
found that a 30% ethanol/ water mixture provided optimal results in
the extraction of shikimic acid from star anise. The use of organic
modifiers in PHWE is well-established (see ref 19).
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L.; Goh, H.; Chai, C. L. L.; Chen, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2011, 52, 6352.
(d) Sanchez-Abella, L.; Fernandez, S.; Armesto, N.; Ferrero, M.;
́ ́
Gotor, V. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 5396.
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Gabel, R.; Guinn, M.; Johnston, D.; Mastriona, J.; Vandermeer, T.;
Groaning, M. Green Chem. 2008, 10, 743.
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