316
Texture Retention After
Fabric-to-Fabric Abrasion
AND
HOLMES
Ö. B.
B.
A.
BERKALP,
POURDEYHIMI,
SEYAM,
R.
North
Carolina State
Nonwovens
Research
Center,
Cooperative
University, Raleigh,
Carolina
North
U.S.A.
27695,
ABSTRACT
in
about
mechanical abrasion
may
be evaluated with
Changes
respect
application
techniques
appearance brought
by
to
in
texture
This discusses the
changes
e.g.,
image
properties,
periodicity.
paper
of
to texture
measurements in fabrics. The
gray-scale image analysis
periodicity
described are
for "ordered"
with
textures
well defined
appropriate
relatively
features such as the Miratec® class
a
offabrics. Our
consist
ofthree
a
woven
sets,
twill,
samples
Miratec
and
a
bonded
nonwoven. In
twill,
(nonwoven)
loosely
herringbone
hydroentangled
ourdata
showthat mechanical wear
in
a
decrease in
mayresult
texture definition and
general,
a
toward randomness.
The Miratec fabric shows that at the same level of
the
wear,
tendency
structure retains its
and
exhibits
no loss of
texture.
appearance
1
Tactile
and
are
Texture
be
(hand)
coarse, fine,
smooth,
appearance
properties
very impor-
appearance.
ulated,
may
gran-
These
tant in all
fabrics in
of fabrics.
classes
characteristics of
The
textile
or
linear
[5,
7].
rippled, regular, irregular,
and of
technical
in
textiles
refer to the
as the
of
the
or what we
units,
general,
particular,
properties
spacing
on their
and surface contours. These are
manner
would
texture
the
depend
geometry
regard
period.
placement
Additionally,
determined in
a
the
of
of
surface
of
exactness of
the
structure
determines the
complex
and
by
degree
the fibers and
the
fabric construction
order. If one considers
the texture in the
[4].
yarn
degree
Appear-
and ser-
ance retention is
to
Fourier
then
the
space,
related
the
refers to
of the
the
and
directly
longevity
period
strength
spacing
of
A
the
fabrics.
fabric
lose
refers to the
within
the
texture.
its aesthetic
of
order
viceability
due to
power
may
appeal
degree
which is
a
combined effect of
several factors
wear,
We
like
consider
textures as
a
of forces in
continuum between two
abrasion,
repeated laundering, application
from
and
wet
extremes. At one end is
the
which
use and
deterministic
a
states,
etc.,
texture,
texture is
defined
dry
arising
everyday
perhaps
has
a
service. Surface abrasion is
considered
has
the most
ele-
Here,
regular pattern.
by
mentsthat occur
ofthese
texture,
and so it
to some
become routine in
factors,
important
fabric
repeatedly according
placement
rules. The other extreme is
the stochastic
(or
random)
textures,
extremes
testing.
well
surface
white
and thus fabric
a
noise. Most
is
texture,
by
exemplified
appearance,
usually
proce-
occur
evaluated
somewhere between these two
the
however,
subjectively by
panel,
following
loss ofl
dures set forth in
is
a
number of standardized
methods
Indeed,
[ 16, 12].
along
ward
appearance
[ 1,
merely
moving
this
continuum.
But because oftheir
characterized
That
textures move to-
these methods
is,
21.
are
nature,
strong
subjective
randomness.
,
by
poor
accuracy.
The
of our
The
term
and others is
&dquo;texture&dquo;
from
the Latin word
texture
viability
approach
for
literature
originates
firmly
established in
the
which
means
&dquo;to
weave.&dquo;
&dquo;textura,&dquo;
Thus,
determining carpet ap-
gen-
to
mechanical wear
refers
due
to
of
basic texture
elements
called
10,
11, 13,
pearance
14,
[8,
changes
erally
repetition
In this
of
we extend our
texels.
can be
tures
A
texel contains
work
several
whose
16-21 ].
paper,
previous
of
pixels,
placement
to the
in the
or random.
Natural tex-
study
and
changes
periodic,
appearance
hydroen-
quasi-periodic,
woven
are
fabrics.
whereas
artificial textures are
random,
or
tangled
generally
,.
j
often
In
deterministic
periodic.
’
the
of
the
assemblies,
periodic
placement
surfaces)
objects
Experimental
in
the case of
textured
(texels
determines the
MATERIALS
.
Our choice of fabrics is
A
woven fabric
arbitrary.
1
Current
Address: Istanbul
Bolumu,
Teknik
No:
Makina
Universitesi,
Fakultesi,
Istanbul,
has well
features and is
defined
to
be
normally
quite
expected
are
Tekstil
87 80191,
Muhendisligi
Gumussuyu,
durable.
on the
other
Nonwovens,
hand,
con-
very
Turkey.
2
Address for
sidered less
durable. Our
correspondence.
nonwovens consist oftwo
I