Journal of Materials Chemistry C
Paper
17 Q. Tang, Y. T. Nie, C. B. Gong, C. F. Chow, J. D. Peng and
M. H. Lam, J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22, 19812.
18 Y. Kondo, H. Tanabe, H. Kudo, K. Nakano and T. Otake,
Materials, 2011, 4, 2171.
19 S. M. Wang, L. Liu, W. Chen, Z. M. Zhang, Z. M. Su and
E. B. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 216.
20 R. D. Rauh, Electrochim. Acta, 1999, 44, 3165.
21 Y. G. Ko, W. Kwon, H. J. Yen, C. W. Chang, D. M. Kim,
K. Kim, S. G. Hahm, T. J. Lee, G. S. Liou and M. Ree,
Macromolecules, 2012, 45, 3749.
22 P. Beaujuge, S. Ellinger and J. R. Reynolds, Nat. Mater., 2008,
7, 795.
23 A. Patra, Y. H. Wijsboom, S. S. Zade, M. Li, Y. Sheynin,
G. Leitus and M. Bendikov, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130,
6734.
4 Conclusions
In this paper, a series of electrochromic and photoresponsive
materials ADDEDs were synthesized and characterized. In
comparison with extensively used ECD materials such as poly/
oligothiophene, triphenylamine, viologen, and Prussian blue.
ADDEDs showed not only outstanding electrochromic behavior
but also good and reversible photoisomerization properties,
even under electrochromic conditions. ECDs based on ADDEDs
exhibited good stabilities, well-dened reversible redox
processes, and superior electrochromic behavior. These results
suggest that the prepared electrochromic and photoresponsive
materials are effective for applications in full-color EC display
devices and stimuli responsive systems, as well as other
potential new applications.
24 A. A. Argun, P. H. Aubert, B. C. Thompson, I. Schwendeman,
C. L. Gaupp, J. Hwang, N. J.Pinto, D. B.Tanner,
A. G. MacDiarmid and J. R. Reynolds, Chem. Mater., 2004,
16, 4401.
25 W. Sharmoukh, K. C. Ko, C. H. Noh, J. Y. Lee and S. U. Son, J.
Org. Chem., 2010, 75, 6708.
26 L. X. Liao, F. Stellacci and D. V. McGrath, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2004, 126, 2181.
27 C. B. Gong, M. H. W. Lam and H. X. Yu, Adv. Funct. Mater.,
2006, 16, 1759.
Acknowledgements
This work was nancially supported by the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (20872121), the CQ CSTC
2013jcyjA50026, Chongqing City Board of Education
(CY130205), and the Southwest University Doctoral Fund
(SWUB2008075).
28 C. B. Gong, Y. Z.Yang, C. Gao, Q. Tang, C. F. Chow, J. D. Peng
and M. H. W. Lam, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2013, 67, 442.
29 K. S. M. Nalluri and B. J. Ravoo, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2010,
49, 5371.
Notes and references
1 J. H. Holtz and S. A. Asher, Nature, 1997, 389, 829.
2 J. F. Lutz, Adv. Mater., 2011, 23, 2237.
3 S. Aluri, M. K. Pastuszka, A. S. Moses and J. A. MacKay, 30 Y. P. Wang, N. Ma, Z. Q. Wang and X. Zhang, Angew. Chem.,
Biomacromolecules, 2012, 13, 2645. Int. Ed., 2007, 46, 2823.
4 A. C. Rinkenauer, A. Schallon, U. Gunther, M. Wagner, 31 M. M. M. Raposo, A. M. C. Fonseca, M. C. R. Castro,
E. Betthausen, U. S. Schubert and F. H. Schacher, ACS
Nano, 2013, 7, 9621.
M. Belsley, M. F. S. Cardoso, L. M. Carvalho and
P. J. Coelho, Dyes Pigm., 2011, 91, 62.
5 A. Grigoryev, V. Sa, V. Gopishetty, I. Tokarev, K. G. Kornev 32 Q. Tang, X. Z. Meng, H. B. Jiang, T. Y. Zhou, C. B. Gong,
and S. Minko, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2013, 23, 5903.
6 J. M. Hu and S. Y. Liu, Macromolecules, 2010, 20, 8315.
7 J. Ge, E. Neofytou, T. J. Cahill, R. E. Beygui and R. N. Zare,
ACS Nano, 2012, 6, 227.
X. K. Fu and S. Q. Shi, J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, 9133.
33 A. Peters and N. R. Branda, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125,
3404.
34 M. Nakagawa, M. Rikukawa, M. Watanabe, K. Sanui and
N. Ogata, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1997, 70, 737.
8 Y. Takashima, S. Hatanaka, M. Otsubo, M. Nakahata,
T. Kakuta, A. Hashidzume, H. Yamaguchi and A. Harada, 35 J. F. Zhi, R. Baba, K. Hashimoto and A. Fujishima, J.
Nat. Commun., 2012, 3, 1270.
Photochem. Photobiol., A, 1995, 92, 91.
9 K. J. Mackenzie and M. B. Francis, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 36 T. Bartosz, P. Malgorzata, J. Emilia, G. V. Ricard and
135, 293.
G. Marta, Eur. Polym. J., 2009, 45, 1420.
10 X. Hao, H. Liu, Z. Lu, Y. J. Xie, H. Y. Yang and S. G. J. Boyes, J. 37 J. Deng, X. K. Fu, G. Wang and J. Huang, Electrochim. Acta,
Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 6920. 2012, 85, 195.
11 P. Kaewsaiha, K. Matsumoto and H. Matsuoka, Langmuir, 38 W. Sharmoukh, K. C. Ko, S. Y. Park, J. H. Ko, J. M. Lee,
2007, 23, 7065.
C. Noh, J. Y. Lee and S. U. Son, Org. Lett., 2008, 10, 5365.
39 C. S. Cui, C. X. Xu, L. Y. Xu, J. S. Zhao, R. M. Liu, J. F. Liu,
Q. P. He and H. S. Wang, Opt. Mater., 2011, 33, 1792.
40 G. Wang, X. K. Fu, J. Huang, C. L. Wu, L. Wu and Q. L. Du,
Org. Electron., 2011, 12, 1216.
12 P. Llg, So Matter, 2013, 9, 3465.
13 J. Wang, M. Pelletier, H. Zhang, H. Xia and Y. Zhao,
Langmuir, 2009, 25, 13201.
14 S. Mura, J. Nicolas and P. Couvreur, Nat. Mater., 2013, 12,
991.
41 X. Tu, X. K. Fu and Q. L. Jiang, Displays, 2011, 31, 150.
15 H. Nandivada, A. M. Ross and J. Lahann, Prog. Polym. Sci., 42 G. M. Wang, X. K. Fu, J. Deng, X. M. Huang and Q. Miao,
2010, 35, 141. Chem. Phys. Lett., 2013, 579, 105.
16 C. C. Hsu, C. S. Wu and Y. L. Liu, J. Membr. Sci., 2014, 450, 43 G. M. Wang, X. K. Fu, L. H. He, X. M. Huang and Q. Miao,
257.
Org. Electron., 2014, 15, 622.
8168 | J. Mater. Chem. C, 2014, 2, 8162–8169
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014