224
HOURDIN ET AL.
Following the evolution of the concentration of copper in 10. Buchanan, K. J., Goosen, A., and Lovelock, J. D., S. Afr. J. Chem. 30,
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solutionduringthereaction, itwaspossibletoshowthatglu-
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of the reaction and then the dissolved copper disappeared
11. Isbell, H. S., and Salam, M. A., Carbohydr. Res. 90, 123 (1981).
12. Lukac, L., Krihova, A., Matulova, M., and Petrus, L., Chem. Pap. 47,
124 (1993).
from the solution at the end of the reaction. So, homoge-
neously dissolved copper salt was responsible for the reac-
tion, but when the aldonic acid was completely consumed,
copper precipitated as a hydroxide, helped by the the solid
zeolite and the concomitant crystallization of calcium car-
bonate. As with a true heterogeneous catalysis, recycling
13. Hoft, E., Kosslick, H., Fricke, R., and Hamann, H. J., J. Prakt. Chem.
338, 1 (1996).
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241 (2000).
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Catalysts and their Applications” (D. C. Sherrington and A. P. Kybett,
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Framework Types,” 5th ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2001.
17. Isbell, H. S., Frush, H. L., and Martin, E. T., Carbohydr. Res. 26, 287
behavior could not permit a continuous process. These re-
sults also constitute a new demonstration that recycling is
not appropriate proof of the heterogeneity of catalysis in
liquid-phase oxidation.
If the copper(II) cation was efficiently bound to the solid,
as in an iminodiacetic resin, then the reaction was not cata-
lyzed by the solid. So, it seems probable now that the metal
must be in solution in order to be active. This point, which
requires more detailed studies of the homogeneous system,
will be the matter of a subsequent publication.
(1973).
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J. H. C., Ferrini, C., Kouwenhoven, H. W., Kooyman, P. J., and van
Bekkum, H., Appl. Catal. A 99, 71 (1993).
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
24. Belkhir, I., Germain, A., Fajula, F., and Fache, E., in “Supported
Reagents and Catalysts in Chemistry” (B. K. Hodnett, A. P. Kybett,
H. H. Clark, and K. Smith, Eds.), p. 48. The Royal Society of Chem-
istry, Cambridge, UK, 1998.
G.H. gratefully acknowledges Roquette Fre´res for a scholarship.
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