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Dalton Transactions
Page 16 of 18
ARTICLE
Journal Name
973–975.
causes the nanoparticles to be water-dispersible and
subsequently to increase the efficiency for the coupling
reactions in water. Fe3O4@PEG/Cu-Co catalyst was
characterized using different techniques such as FT-IR, TEM, FE-
SEM, VSM, UV-Vis, EDX, ICP, CV, and XPS analyses. All the
mentioned analyses emphasized the proposed structure,
spherical morphology, being nano-scale, magnetic nature,
oxidation states, expected elements, and metals loading.
Imidazolium moiety, PEG chains, and bimetallic features of the
catalyst cause high catalytic performance due to the reduction
of metal leaching, facile separation, removal need to any base
and toxic solvent, which proved by various control experiments.
Moreover, data of Hg-poisoning and hot filtration experiments
demonstrated that the catalyst acts heterogeneously in the
reactions and didn’t occur any significant metal leaching to the
mixture. Designed Cu-Co catalyst via transferring an electron
from Co(II) to Cu(II) aimed formation of active copper species
Cu(I), which the copper center is proposed to conduct the
reaction via an oxidative-addition/ reductive-elimination route.
Furthermore, the result of the hydroquinone test was in
agreement with the proposed mechanism. Studies over the
DOI: 10.1039/D0DT01846E
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revealed the stability of the catalyst and confirmed the
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Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to the University of Birjand for its
financial support.
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