selectivity was calculated as molar percentage of the consumed
styrene to a certain product per mol of reacted styrene.
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The experiment for O2 uptake
The O2 uptake experiment was carried out by following steps:
The autoclave (50 ml) was first charged with the catalyst solution
(0.0175 mmol Pd complex in 8.0 ml water), styrene (1.75 mmol)
and internal standard (n-heptane), and then the autoclave was
attached to O2 storage vessel with known volume. Afterwards,
the autoclave was pressurized with oxygen and heated to 80 ◦C
(0.5 MPa) for 15 h. The decrease of pressure was monitored by
a pressure transducer and recorded by using a computer. The
recorded pressure values were converted following the ideal gas
equation. A blank experiment was performed to measure the
solubility of O2 in catalyst solution in the absence of styrene for
calibrating O2 uptake in the oxidation reaction. In each parallel
experiment, a sample was investigated using GC analysis to
check conversion and selectivity at different reaction time.
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Acknowledgements
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The authors are grateful for the support from the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20773037), ECUST
(No. YJ0142136), and the Commission of Science and Tech-
nology of Shanghai Municipality (No. 07PJ14023), China.
The authors would also like to express their thanks to Prof.
Walter Leitner for helpful suggestions and Dr Nils Theyssen for
experimental assistance.
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1452 | Green Chem., 2009, 11, 1446–1452
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