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New Journal of Chemistry
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ARTICLE
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synthesis or direct synthesis of diethyl acetal from ethanol in
the environmentally acceptable vapour phase conditions using
a fixed bed reactor.
employed reaction conditions.
4. Superior and robust activity of this 25%CuNPs/SBA-15
catalyst can be ascertained from its compatible
porous network, confined environment, smaller
copper particle size and their ample amount.
DOI: 10.1039/C9NJ02287B
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There are no conflicts of interest to declare
- H2
- H2O
O
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Acknowledgements
H
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GP, NP and VK are acknowledging the DST, New Delhi, India for
granting the research fellowships.
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References
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Scheme 2 Single-step synthesis of Diethyl acetal from ethanol over mesoporous
SBA-15 supported copper nanoparticle catalysts
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The mechanistic aspects of ethanol to Diethyl acetal (Scheme
2) are shown in steps as follows
1. Ethanol adsorbed by the catalyst that leads to oxidative
addition of ethanol with Cu0 to Cu2+.
2. Absorption of α-hydrogen from ethanol and eliminate the H2
in reductive elimination to form the acetaldehyde.
3. The acetaldehyde which is formed in the second step has
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4. Absorption of hydrogen from α-position of hemi acetal
forms the ethyl acetate.
5. The carbonyl carbon in ethyl acetate is somewhat electron
deficient, the nucleophilic O in the alcohol attacks the
electrophilic C in the C=O, breaking the π bond and giving the
electrons to the positive O and forms the oxonium ion
intermediate.
6. Finally the oxonium ion rearranged to loss the water
molecule and forms the diethyl acetal.
Conclusions
1. SBA-15 supported copper nanoparticle catalysts
(CuNPs/SBA-15) up to 30wt% copper nanoparticle
loading, <20 nm particle size and hexagonally ordered
porous network are prepared.
2. Novel synthesis of diethyl acetal from ethanol over
CuNPs/SBA-15 catalysts in a single-step without using
aldehyde or aldehyde derivatives, solvents and
harmful acids or expensive reagents was achieved.
3. Facile gas-phase operation (25%CuNPs/SBA-15
catalyst) with high conversion of ethanol (48%) and
high selectivity of diethyl acetal (93%) was achieved,
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