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recovered and completely converted in the actual Claus process.
Since CO2 and H2O are inevitably present in industrial streams, the
effects of CO2 and H2O on the Claus process in DESs were
investigated. The result showed the CO2 has no obvious influence
on the Claus process in HmimCl-AA (1:1) (Entry 12). Considering
that H2O is a product of the Claus process, it presents in the
reaction system throughout the whole process. Therefore, the
effect of equimolar water on the Claus process in DES is
insignificant (Entry 13). In addition, the recycling of HmimCl-AA (1:1)
was also tested. The used DES can be regenerated by drying under
vacuum. It was found that HmimCl-AA (1:1) can be reused three
times without obvious loss of activity (Entry 14).
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Table 2 The conversion of SO2 in different DESs in Claus process.
Entry
1
2
3
4
DES
ttp (min)
3.4
3.1
2.5
4.2
3.8
4.0
8.6
4.5
3.7
4.0
4.0
4.3
4.0
5.1
Con. of SO2 (%)a
EmimCl-AA (2:1)
EmimCl-AA (1:1)
EmimCl-AA (1:2)
BmimCl-AA (1:1)
HmimCl-AA (1:1)
BmimBr-AA (1:1)
ChCl-Urea (1:2)
ChCl-Glycerol (1:1)
EminCl-EG (1:1)
HmimCl-AA (1:1)
HmimCl-AA (1:1)
HmimCl-AA (1:1)
HmimCl-AA (1:1)
HmimCl-AA (1:1)
88
86
75
83
94
83
72
65
87
95
99
97
99
91
5
6
7b
8b
9
10b
11c
12d
13e
14f
Conditions: DES (1.00 g), room temperature, reaction time (40 min),
SO2 (2.0 mmol) and H2S (4.0 mmol) from the storage tank were
introduced into the reaction kettle, respectively. The pressure of
the storage tank and reaction kettle was recorded online to monitor
a
the progress of the reaction. The conversions of SO2 are calculated
o
c
from the mass of collected sulfur. b Reaction temperature (40 C);
d
SO2 (2.0 mmol) and H2S (4.4 mmol); SO2 (2.0 mmol), H2S (4.4
e
mmol), and CO2 (0.12 bar); SO2 (2.0 mmol), H2S (4.4 mmol), and
H2O (2.0 mmol); fThe DES was reused for the third time.
In summary, we have demonstrated a highly efficient strategy for
the sustainable capture and conversion of SO2 using the novel
imidazole-based DESs. The highest absorption ability of these
imidazole-based DESs can be 1.39 g/g at 20 °C and 1.0 bar, and the
captured SO2 can be easily released by bubbling N2 and heating.
Furthermore, the absorbed SO2 can be completely transformed to
sulfur via imidazole-based DESs-mediated Claus process at room
temperature without any additives. We believed that imidazole-
based DESs provide a potential opportunity for the green and
sustainable SO2 capture and conversion.
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Acknowledgement
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This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation
of China (No.21376115, and 21676134).
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts to declare.
Notes and references
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13. The role of AA can be found in the ESI (“The role of acetamide”
section).
4 | J. Name., 2012, 00, 1-3
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