1
08
Light and tem perature effects on shoot fruitfulness
Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 6, 99–108, 2000
the fact that at pruning time canes on the T-trellis were
consciously selected with regard to their size and healthy
appearance (Thomas and Barnard 1937, Antcliff et al.
Barnard, C. (1932) Fruit bud studies. I. The Sultana. An analysis of
the distribution and behaviour of the buds of the Sultana vine,
together with an account of the differentiation and development of
the fruit buds. Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research 6, 47–52.
1
958). This selection may have resulted in stronger canes
with more reserves compared to canes from the Shaw
Mk1 trellis where no such selection occurred. This
hypothesis is consistent with the measured glucose and
starch concentration in mid-winter of the 1996/97
season. Glucose and starch were higher for nodes beyond
position 10 from a T-trellis compared to a Shaw Mk1
trellis (Figure 11). Conversely, the leaf area of individual
leaves along the cane, including laterals, was not signifi-
cantly different (data not presented) between the Shaw
Mk1 and the T-trellis. This indicates that cane orientation
Buttrose, M.S. (1968) Some effects of light intensity and temperature
on dry weight and shoot growth of grapevine. Annals of Botany 32,
7
53–763.
Buttrose, M.S. (1969a) Fruitfulness in grapevines: Effects of light
intensity and temperature. Botanical Gazette 130, 166–173.
Buttrose, M.S. (1969b) Fruitfulness in grapevines: Effects of changes
in temperature and light regimes. Botanical Gazette 130, 173–179.
Buttrose, M.S. (1970) Fruitfulness in grape-vines: The response of
different cultivars to light, temperature and daylength. Vitis 9,
1
21–125.
Buttrose, M.S. (1974) Climatic factors and fruitfulness in grapevines.
Horticultural Abstracts 44, 319–326.
Clingeleffer, P.R. (1981) CSIRO Sultana vine management research.
Australian Dried Fruits News 8, 12–14.
Clingeleffer, P.R. and May, P. (1981) The swing arm trellis for Sultana
grapevine management. South African Journal of Enology and
Viticulture 2, 37–44.
Hayes, R., Johns, R., Mollah, M. and Morey, B. (1991) ‘The Shaw
Trellis—a new innovation in Trellis Dried Sultana Production,
Technical Report Series No 193’ (Department of Agriculture:
Melbourne, Victoria). pp. 1–57.
(
wrapped canes for the T-trellis compared with hanging
canes for the Shaw Mk1 trellis), did not influence shoot
size (May 1966).
Con clu sion
Data from two field experiments confirm previous results
that climatic variations from year to year play a dominant
role in determining the shoot fruitfulness of Sultana.
Ramsey-grafted vines had consistently lower shoot fruit-
fulness than own-rooted vines. Modern trellises did not
appear to improve shoot fruitfulness of own-rooted or
Ramsey-grafted Sultana. However, modern trellises and
Ramsey-grafting seem to have a positive effect on vine
cropping capacity via a more extensive vine frame that
accommodates a larger number of fruiting canes than
own-rooted vines or conventional trellises. Therefore, in
spite of lower shoot fruitfulness due to Ramsey-grafting,
modern Shaw trellises provide the potential for greater
vine fruitfulness and yield than own-rooted vines on
either T- or Shaw trellises. We confirmed a positive
association between carbohydrate reserves of node and
internode tissue in winter and shoot fruitfulness in the
following spring.
Hegedus, A. (1973) Factors affecting the fruitfulness of grapevine
buds. Szolo- es Gyumolcstermesztes 7, 3–50.
Huglin, P. (1960) Causes déterminants des altérations de la floraison
de la vigne. Annales de l’Amélioration des Plantes 10, 351–358.
Lavee, S., Regev, U. and Samish, R.M. (1967) The determination of
induction and differentiation in grape vines. Vitis 6, 1–13.
May, P. (1961) The value of an estimate of fruiting potential in the
Sultana. Vitis 3, 15–26.
May, P. (1964) Über die Knospen- und Infloreszenzentwicklung der
Rebe. Die Wein-Wissenschaft 19, 457–485.
May, P. (1965) Reducing inflorescence formation by shading individual
sultana buds. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 18, 463–473.
May, P. (1966) The effect of direction of shoot growth on fruitfulness
and yield of Sultana vines. Australian Journal of Agricultural
Research 17, 479–490.
May, P. and Antcliff, A.J. (1963) The effect of shading on fruitfulness
and yield in the sultana. Journal of Horticultural Science 38, 85–94.
May, P. and Antcliff, A.J. (1973) The fruitfulness of grape buds. I.
Measuring bud fruitfulness on forced single-noded cuttings.
Annales de l’Amélioration des Plantes 23, 1–12.
Ack n ow led gem en ts
We thank the Dried Fruit Research and Development
Council for financial support.
May, P. and Clingeleffer, P.R. (1982) Mechanizing the production of
Sultana (Thompson Seedless) raisins. In: ‘Grape and Wine
Centennial Symposium Proceedings’. Ed. D. Webb. (University of
California: Davis) pp. 191–194.
May, P., Clingeleffer, P.R. and Brien, C.J. (1976) Sultana (Vitis vinifera
L.) canes and their exposure to light. Vitis 14, 278–288.
May, P., Clingeleffer, P.R., Brien, C.J. and Scholefield, P.B. (1978)
Harvest pruning of young Sultana vines under various training sys-
tems. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry 18, 847–854.
May, P., Sauer, M.R. and Scholefield, P.B. (1973) Effect of various
combinations of trellis, pruning, and rootstock on vigorous Sultana
vines. Vitis 12, 192-206.
Referen ces
ABS (1998) Australian Bureau of Statistics, X. Australian Wine and
Grape Industry Cat. no 1329.0; and previous issues.
Alleweldt, G. (1963) Einfluss von Klimafaktoren auf die Zahl der
Inflorescenzen bei Reben. Die Wein-Wissenschaft 18, 61–70.
Antcliff, A.J., May, P., Webster, W.J. and Hawkes, J. (1972) The
Merbein bunch count, a method to analyze the performance of
grape vines. Hortscience 7, 196–197.
Antcliff, A.J. and Webster, W.J. (1955) Studies on the sultana vine. I.
Fruit bud distribution and bud burst with reference to potential
crop. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 6, 565–588.
Antcliff, A.J., Webster, W.J. and May, P. (1955) Studies on the
Sultana vine III. Pruning experiments with constant number of
buds per vine, number and length of cane varied inversely.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 6, 823–832.
Antcliff, A.J., Webster, W.J. and May, P. (1958) Studies on the
Sultana vine. VI. The morphology of the cane and its fruitfulness.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 9, 328–338.
Baldwin, J.G. (1964) The relation between weather and fruitfulness
of the sultana vine. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 15,
Smit, C.J. (1970) Flower differentiation of sultana vines as influenced
by cumulative effects of low temperature during the preceding
season. Dried Fruit 2, 6–12.
Thomas, J.E. and Barnard, C. (1937) Fruit bud studies. III. The
Sultana. Some relations between shoot growth, chemical composi-
tion, fruit bud formation and yield. Journal of the Council for
Scientific and Industrial Research 10, 143–157.
Wilkinson, L. (1990) ‘SYSTAT: The System for Statistics’ (SYSTAT Inc.:
Evanston, Illinois).
Manuscript received: 2 December 1999
Amended version received: 28 March 2000
9
20—928.