Nature Chemistry
Articles
together under 360MPa for 3min. The EIS spectrum of the cell was measured
from 1MHz to 0.1Hz using an electrochemical workstation (Solartron 1287/1260).
The intercept with the Z′ axis is attributed to the resistance (R) from the bulk
electrolyte and grain boundaries. The ionic conductivity (σ) is determined by L/RS,
where L and S are the thickness and area of the electrolyte, respectively. The ionic
conductivity of LMC and LEDC was also measured with the same method but
without LGPS as proton-blocking medium.
21. Lu, P., Li, C., Schneider, E. W. & Harris, S. J. Chemistry, impedance and
morphology evolution in solid electrolyte interphase flms during formation
in lithium ion batteries. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 896–903 (2014).
22. Zhuo, Z. et al. Breathing and oscillating growth of solid–electrolyte-interphase
upon electrochemical cycling. Chem. Commun. 54, 814–817 (2018).
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interphase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 15476–15487 (2012).
24. Zhuang, G. V. & Ross, P. N. Analysis of the chemical composition of the
passive flm on Li-ion battery anodes using attentuated total refection
infrared spectroscopy. Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 6, A136–A139 (2003).
25. Meyer, B. M., Leifer, N., Sakamoto, S., Greenbaum, S. G. & Grey, C. P. High
feld multinuclear NMR investigation of the SEI layer in lithium rechargeable
batteries. Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 8, A145–A148 (2005).
26. Aurbach, D. & Gofer, Y. Te behavior of lithium electrodes in mixtures of
alkyl carbonates and ethers. J. Electrochem. Soc. 138, 3529–3536 (1991).
27. Augustsson, A. et al. Solid electrolyte interphase on graphite Li-ion battery
anodes studied by sof X-ray spectroscopy. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6,
4185–4189 (2004).
Data availability
Crystallographic data for the structures reported in this work have been deposited
Information, and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable
request. The MAS NMR experimental and GIPAW calculated data for this study
28. Zhuang, G. V., Xu, K., Yang, H., Jow, T. R. & Ross, P. N. Lithium ethylene
dicarbonate identifed as the primary product of chemical and
electrochemical reduction of EC in 1.2M LiPF6/EC: EMC electrolyte.
J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 17567–17573 (2005).
Received: 15 October 2018; Accepted: 26 June 2019;
Published: xx xx xxxx
29. Zhuang, G. V., Yang, H., Blizanac, B. & Ross, P. N. A study of electrochemical
reduction of ethylene and propylene carbonate electrolytes on graphite using
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electrolytes and the formation of solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) in
lithium-ion batteries. 2. Radiolytically induced polymerization of ethylene
carbonate. J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 19270–19279 (2013).
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