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3-hydroxybutanal is hardly detectable on the surface.
4
. Conclusion
Acetaldehyde adsorbs onto TiO2 in the temperature range of
33 to 250 K through H-bonding as well as through Lewis acid
2
sites available on the surface. However, initiation of aldol con-
densation begins at 251 K, forming 3-hydroxybutanal intermediate
−
1
which is characterized by distinct infrared features at 3185 cm
−1
−1
for δ(COH), and
for ν(OH), 1334 cm
for δ(CH), 1273 cm
−1
[18] GaussView, Version 4.1, Roy Dennington II, Todd Keith and John Millam,
Semichem, Inc., Shawnee Mission, KS, 2007.
1105 cm
for ν(C–C) and δ(COH) mode. The mechanism of con-
densation reaction involves initial abstraction of hydrogen atom
from the α-carbon of aldehyde by Brönsted base sites form-
ing a carbanion (–CH2CHO), which in turn reacts with a second
aldehyde molecule forming 3-hydroxybutanal. Direct comparison
of experiments with pure 3-hydroxybutanal/TiO2 also confirms
the formation of 3-hydroxybutanal surface intermediate. Upon
further warming, adsorbed aldol undergoes dehydration produc-
ing 2-butenal, and the identification of surface intermediate, 3-
hydroxybutanal, is hardly discernible at or above 273 K.
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Initiative (MURI) program administered by the Army Research Of-
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