JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE
CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Hydrogenation of EL with Zirconium Phosphonate
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the internal standard, and identification of the products
was done by GC-MS (SCIONSQ-456-GC). The yield
of GVL was calculated using the following equation:
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GVL Yield ðmol%Þ = Moles of GVL formed × 100%
Moles of EL used
Reusability of the organic zirconium phosphonates
In the experiments, to test the reusability of the zir-
conium phosphonates, the catalyst was recovered by
centrifugation and washed with ethyl ether (3 × 50 mL).
After drying under vacuum at 80ꢀC for 12 h, the cata-
lyst was reused for the next run.
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CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, a series of organic zirconium phos-
phonate catalysts were synthesized by a simply copreci-
pitation method, which were used to the reaction of EL
to GVL in isopropanol. The catalysts could be reused
at least five times without any obvious decrease in activ-
ity or selectivity. The outstanding catalytic activity was
ascribed to the acid and basic sites from Zr element and
phosphate groups interspersed in the catalyst. The
application in this work will guide the development of
efficient conversion of platform molecules containing
carbonyl group into fuel additives and higher value-
added chemicals with heterogeneous catalytic systems
without external hydrogen
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was financially supported by the
MOE & SAFEA under the 111 Project (B13025).
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Supporting information
Additional supporting information is available in
the online version of this article.
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J. F. Wang, Cat. Sci. Technol. 2016, 6, 14.
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