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Journal Name
COMMUNICATION
requirement for jet fuels (ASTM D1655−18). The neat heat of competitive as renewable high-performance liquid fuels from the
DOI: 10.1039/D0GC02361B
combustion (NHOC) is comparable to the fossil kerosene (ca. 42.8 aspects of energy density and thermal stability. Moreover,
2
5
MJ/kg). Moreover, these fuels have excellent thermal oxidation comparing with other bio-jet fuels , especially cyclic alkanes
stability by passing the JFTOT test under 355°C for 5 h (ASTM D3241) synthesized from furan derivatives (Table 3), fuels synthesized in this
and is comparable to the widely used high thermal stable fuel JP-7. work are much better than the others, not merely on good fuel
Therefore, both DMCPD and TMCPD derived fuels are very properties but also keeping a competitive product yields.
Table 3 Properties of jet fuels synthesized in this work and literatures.
C11−C15
alkylcyclohexanes
Fuels
Fuel 1
Fuel 2
JP-10
65a
JP-7
Yield (%)
Density (g/mL, 20 C)
68.4
0.926
74.4
0.956
-
36.7
0.87
21.8
0.865
68.6
0.814
o
b
o
0.934
0.779-0.806 (15 C)
2
Viscosity(mm /s)
o
2
-
0 C
4.3
11.6
82.5
<-70
42.5
-
-
-
-
-
o
o
b
20 C
14.8
<-70
43.2
10 (-18 C)
-79
42.1
8.0
-43.3
43.5
6.1
-40
-
-
-81
-
o
b
Freezing point ( C)
NOHC (MJ/kg)
Thermal oxidation stability
-35
42.5
b
c
Pressure drop (mm Hg)
0
0
<10b,d
<25
<3
-
-
-
-
-
-
Heater tube deposit visual rating
References
<3
<3
<3b,d
areference bMIL-
4
2
6
27
28
This work
This work
MIL-DTL-38219D
DTL-87107E
cJFTOT test at 355 °C for 5 h. d JFTOT test at 300 °C for 2.5 h. –: not detected
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In summary, this work illustrates a feasible route to produce RJ-4 6.
and even better fuel mixture from 5-methyl furfural and the
optimized approach has good potential for scaling up. The synthesis 7.
yield from 5-methyl furfural is as high as 74.4% and 68.4% for RJ-4
(Fuel 1) fuel and fuel mixture (Fuel 2), respectively. The fuels have 8.
high energy density and high thermal oxidation stability, providing
good alternatives for fossil-based high-performance jet fuels.
Combined with the reported 5-methyl furfural synthesis from
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cellulose 8, the conceptual route connecting biomass and high-
performance jet fuels is established as shown in Figure S15, and the
recycling of catalysts and solvents should be further considered.
9
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Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts to declare.
Acknowledgments
The authors appreciate the supports from the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (21808162, 21978200); National
Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX20180212) and
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M631743).
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