Chemical Science
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electrode as the counter electrode (cathode), and an Ag/AgCl
reference electrode. The best electrochemical oxidation experi-
ment was conducted in 15 mL of a 0.5 M KHCO3 solution in the
presence or absence of 10 mM furfural.
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The conversion of furfural and the yield of the corresponding
products were characterized by HPLC technique. Specically,
100 mL samples were collected from the electrolyte aer the
addition of furfural and at different reaction time and then
diluted with 900 mL water. Aer ltrated by a 0.22 nm lter, the
samples were used for the HPLC analysis. The HPLC analysis
was conducted on a Shimadzu Prominence Liquid Chromato-
graph (LC-20TA) equipped with a C18 column (Ascentis Express,
15 cm ꢃ 2.1 mm, 2.7 mm) and an ultraviolet detector. Mobile
phase A is 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution adjusted to pH ¼
ꢄ3 with ammonium formate, and mobile phase B was aceto-
nitrile. The ow rate is 0.3 mL minꢁ1 (gradient program: 100% A
for 2 min, to 20% A over 32 min, and held for 18 min). The
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calculated based on the calibration curves of those standard
compounds purchased from commercial vendors.
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Author contributions
I. Agirrezabal-Telleria, P. L. Arias, J. L. G. Fierro,
R. Mariscal and M. L. Granados, RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 54960–
54972.
Xin Huang, Jinliang Song and Buxing Han proposed the project,
designed and conducted the experiments and wrote the
manuscript. Other authors performed some experiments and
discussed the work.
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574; (b) L. Fan, C. Xia, F. Yang, J. Wang, H. Wang and
Y. Lu, Sci. Adv., 2020, 6, eaay3111; (c) L. Zeng, H. Li, J. Hu,
D. Zhang, J. Hu, P. Peng, S. Wang, R. Shi, J. Peng,
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Z. Jiang, J.-S. Hu and L.-J. Wan, Sci. China: Chem., 2020, 63,
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Conflicts of interest
There are no conicts to declare.
Acknowledgements
10 S. R. Kubota and K.-S. Choi, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.,
2018, 6, 9596–9600.
The authors thank the National Key Research and Development
Program of China (2018YFB1501602), National Natural Science
Foundation of China (21673249, 21733011), Beijing Municipal
Science & Technology Commission (Z191100007219009), the
Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSW-SLH013), and Youth
Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (2017043).
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M. A. Bajada, S. Roy, J. Warnan, K. Abdiaziz, A. Wagner,
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6348 | Chem. Sci., 2021, 12, 6342–6349
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry