X. Yang et al.
Fig. 6 Reusability of GO-P600 (a) and FT-IR of the fresh and spent catalysts (b)
8. Zhang W, Zhao Q, Liu T, Gao Y, Li Y, Zhang G, Zhang F, Fan X
(2014) Ind Eng Chem Res 53:1437–1441
4 Conclusion
9. Dhakshinamoorthy A, Alvaro M, Concepción P, Fornés V, Garcia
H (2014) Chem Commun 48:5443–5445
PEG was frstly and successfully grafted on GO via the
construction of covalent bond between terminal hydrox-
yls in PEG and epoxies in GO catalyzing by Lewis acid
(BF3·C2H5OC2H5). Polymeric level of PEG could infu-
ence catalytic performance of the GO-Px catalysts for
both carbenes and nucleophilic substitution reactions. As
the result, GO-P600 (polymeric level = 600) could exhibit
equivalent catalytic activity in comparison with single
PEG for both of the model reactions. However, the GO-
PEG composites could provide with superior advantages in
both catalyst-products separation and reusability. Catalytic
performance of the GO-PEG was maintained well after
using for four times. These results could also demonstrated
that GO was an excellent PEGylated support. This novel
GO-PEG would show potential applications in organic
synthesis such as carbenes and nucleophilic substitution
reactions.
10. Xu J, Xu M, Wu J, Wu H, Zhang WH, Li YX (2015) RSC Adv
5:72361–72368
11. Xue B, Liang XY, Liu N, Xu TC, Xu J, Li YX (2018) Colloids Surf
A 538:534–541
12. He D, Tang H, Kou Z, Pan M, Sun X, Zhang J, Mu S (2017) Adv
Mater 29:1601741
13. He D, Kou Z, Xiong Y, Cheng K, Chen X, Pan M, Mu S (2014)
Carbon 66:312–319
14. He D, Jiang Y, Lv H, Pan M, Mu S (2013) Appl Catal B
132–133:379–388
15. Lei M, Wang ZB, Li JS, Tang HL, Liu WJ, Wang YG (2014) Sci
Rep UK 4:7415
16. Wang J, Kondrat SA, Wang Y, Brett GL, Giles C, Bartley JK, Lu L,
Liu Q, Kiely CJ, Hutchings GJ (2015) ACS Catal 5:3575–3587
17. Mallakpour S, Abdolmaleki A, Karshenas A (2017) Catal Commun
92:109–113
18. Hong C, Jin X, Totleben J, Lohrman J, Harak E, Subramaniam B,
Chaudhari RV, Ren SQ (2014) J Mater Chem A 2:7147–7151
19. Baj S, Siewniak A (2007) Appl Catal A 321:175–179
20. Liu X, Zhao X, Lu M (2013) Appl Organometal Chem 27:615–618
21. Zucchi C, Pa’lyi G (1996) Organometallics 15:3222–3231
22. Marcano DC, Kosynkin DV, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev
A, Alemany LB, Lu W, Tour JM (2010) ACS Nano 4:4806–4814
23. Liu Z, Zhou H, Huang Z, Wang W, Zeng F, Kuang Y (2013) J Mater
Chem A 1:3454–3462
Acknowledgements This research is supported by the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (21673024).
References
24. Yang H, Li F, Shan C, Han D, Zhang Q, Niu L, Ivaska A (2009) J
Mater Chem 19:4632–4638
1. Regen SL (1977) J Org Chem 42:875–879
2. Murugan E, Gopinath P (2009) J Mol Catal A 309:12–20
3. Feu KS, de la Torre AF, Silva S, Moraes Junior MAF, Corrêa AG,
Paixão MW (2014) Green Chem 16:3169–3174
4. Yang ZZ, Zhao YN, He LN, Gao J, Yin ZS (2012) Green Chem
14:519–527
25. Sun K, Kou Y, Zheng H, Liu X, Tan Z, Shi Q (2018) Sol Energy
Mater Sol C 178:139–145
26. Sprinkle M, Siegel D, Hu Y, Hicks J, Tejeda A, Taleb-Ibrahimi A
et al (2009) Phys Rev Lett 103:226803–226806
27. Subrahmanyam K, Vivekchand S, Govindaraj A, Rao C (2008) J
Mater Chem 18:1517–1523
5. Chen J, Spear SK, Huddleston JG, Rogers RD (2005) Green Chem
7:64–82
28. Liu F, Sun J, Zhu L, Meng X, Qi C, Xiao FS (2018) J Mater Chem
134:316–325
6. Gao B, Zhuang R, Guo J (2010) AIChE J 56:729–736
7. Kiasat AR, Badri R, Zargar B, Sayyahi S (2008) J Org Chem
73:8382–8385
Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to
jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afliations.
1 3