1486
FANG Lin, et al. Sci China Chem July (2010) Vol.53 No.7
analysis of lipids in biological materials. J Am Oil Soc Chem, 1994,
1: 1179–1187
Barbosa SL, Dabdoub MJ, Hurtado GR, Klein SI, Baroni ACM,
Cunha C. Solvent free esterification reactions using Lewis acids in
solid phase catalysis. Appl Catal A Gen, 2006, 313: 146–150
both fatty acid esterification and oil transesterification.
Possessing special properties such as thermally stable or-
ganic structures, large surface area, unique mesoporous
7
1
1
1
6
7
8
3
channels and abundant acid amount, FDU-15-SO H is supe-
Shu Q, Yang B, Yuan H, Qing S, Zhu G. Synthesis of biodiesel from
soybean oil and methanol catalyzed by zeolite beta modified with
rior to other acid catalysts in the esterification of palmitic
acid and particularly in the transesterification of fatty
acid-oil mixture. It is durable and easily recycled. Biodiesel
is expected to be synthesized from the feed stocks with a
high content of free fatty acids without further purification
over such solid acid catalyst.
3
+
La . Catal Commun, 2007, 8: 2159–2165
Nakagaki S, Bail A, Santos VCd, Souza VHRd, Vrubel H, Nunes FS,
Ramos LP. Use of anhydrous sodium molybdate as an efficient het-
erogeneous catalyst for soybean oil methanolysis. Appl Catal A Gen,
2
008, 351: 267–274
1
9
Ghesti GF, Macedo JLd, Parente VCI, Dias JA, Dias SCL. Synthesis,
characterization and reactivity of Lewis acid/surfactant cerium tris-
dodecylsulfate catalyst for transesterification and esterification reac-
tions. Appl Catal A Gen, 2008, 355: 139–147
Furuta S, Matsuhashi H, Arata K. Biodiesel fuel production with
solid superacid catalysis in fixed bed reactor under atmospheric
pressure. Catal Commun, 2004, 5: 721–723
The authors express their great thanks for the support from the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (20925310 & 20873043), the Science
and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (09XD1401500 &
2
0
1
0
&
(
8JC1408700), 973 Project (2006CB202508), 863 Program (2007AA03Z342
2008AA030801), the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project
B409), and the Cheung Kong Scholars Program.
2
Jacobson K, Gopinath R, Meher LC, Dalai AK. Solid acid catalyzed
biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Appl Catal B Environ,
2
008, 85: 86–91
1
2
3
China declares ambitious alternative-energy plans. Nature, 2008, 452:
99
Tyson KS. Biodiesel Handling and Use Guidelines, 4th ed., NREL,
009
Steen EJ, Kang Y, Bokinsky G, Hu Z, Schirmer A, McClure A, Car-
dayre SBd, Keasling JD. Microbial production of fatty-acid-derived
fuels and chemicals from plant biomass. Nature, 2010, 463: 559–562
Suppes GJ, Dasari MA, Doskocil EJ, Mankidy PJ, Goff MJ. Trans-
esterification of soybean oil with zeolite and metal catalysts. Appl
Catal A Gen, 2004, 257: 213–223
22 Yang QH, Liu J, Yang J, Kapoor MP, Inagaki S, Li C. Synthesis,
characterization, and catalytic activity of sulfonic acid-functionalized
periodic mesoporous organosilicas. J Catal, 2004, 228: 265–272
23 Dhainaut J, Dacquin JP, Lee AF, Wilson K. Hierarchical macroporous-
mesoporous SBA-15 sulfonic acid catalysts for biodiesel synthesis.
Green Chem, 2010, 12: 296–303
24 Toda M, Takagaki A, Okamura M, Kondo JN, Hayashi S, Domen K,
Hara M. Green chemistry: Biodiesel made with sugar catalyst. Nature,
2005, 438: 178
25 Zong MH, Duan ZQ, Lou WY, Smith TJ, Wu H. Preparation of a
sugar catalyst and its use for highly efficient production of biodiesel.
Green Chem, 2007, 9: 434–437
26 Okamura M, Takagaki A, Toda M, Kondo JN, Domen K, Tatsumi T,
Hara M, Hayashi S. Acid-catalyzed reactions on flexible polycyclic
aromatic carbon in amorphous carbon. Chem Mater, 2006, 18:
3039–3045
3
2
4
5
Corma A, Iborra S, Miquel S, Primo J. Catalysts for the production of
fine chemicals: Production of food emulsifiers, monoglycerides, by
glycerolysis of fats with solid base catalysts. J Catal, 1998, 173:
315–321
6
7
8
Xie W, Huang X, Li H. Soybean oil methyl esters preparation using
NaX zeolites loaded with KOH as a heterogeneous catalyst. Biore-
sour Technol, 2007, 98: 936–939
Kim HJ, Kang BS. Kim MJ, Park YM, Kim DK, Lee JS, Lee KY.
Transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel using heterogeneous
base catalyst. Catal Today, 2004, 93-95: 315–320
Ebiura T, Echizen T, Ishikawa A, Murai K, Baba T. Selective trans-
esterification of triolein with methanol to methyl oleate and glycerol
using alumina loaded with alkali metal salt as a solid-base catalyst.
Appl Catal A Gen, 2005, 283: 111–116
27 Takagaki A, Toda M, Okamura M, Kondo JN, Hayashi S, Domen K,
Hara M. Esterification of higher fatty acids by a novel strong solid
acid. Catal Today, 2006, 116: 157–161
28 Izci A, Bodur F. Liquid-phase esterification of acetic acid with iso-
butanol catalyzed by ion-exchange resins. React Funct Polym, 2007,
67: 1458–1464
29 López DE, Goodwin JrJG, Bruce DA. Transesterification of triacetin
®
with methanol on Nafion acid resins. J Catal, 2007, 245: 381–391
9
Noiroj K, Intarapong P, Luengnaruemitchai A, Jai-In S. A compara-
30 Han MH, Yi WL, Wu Q, Liu Y, Hong YC, Wang DZ. Preparation of
biodiesel from waste oils catalyzed by a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid.
Bioresour Technol, 2008, 100: 2308–2310
tive study of KOH/Al
duction via transesterification from palm oil. Renewable Energy,
009, 34: 1145–1150
Benjapornkulaphong S, Ngamcharussrivichai C, Bunyakiat K. Al
2 3
O and KOH/NaY catalysts for biodiesel pro-
2
3
31 Liang XZ, Yang JG. Synthesis of a novel multi –SO H functionalized
1
1
1
1
0
1
2
3
2
O
3
-
ionic liquid and its catalytic activities for biodiesel synthesis. Green
Chem, 2010, 12: 201–204
32 Meng Y, Gu D, Zhang FQ, Shi YF, Yang HF, Li Z, Yu CZ, Tu B,
Zhao DY. Ordered mesoporous polymers and homologous carbon
frameworks: amphiphilic surfactant templating and direct transforma-
tion. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2005, 44: 7053–7059
33 Zhang FQ, Meng Y, Gu D, Yan Y, Yu CZ, Tu B, Zhao DY. A facile
aqueous route to synthesize highly ordered mesoporous polymers and
carbon frameworks with Iad bicontinuous cubic structure. J Am
Chem Soc, 2005, 127: 13508–13509
34 Xing R, Liu N, Liu YM, Wu HH, Jiang YW, Chen L, He MY, Wu P.
Novel solid acid catalysts: Sulfonic acid group-functionalized
mesostructured polymers. Adv Funct Mater, 2007, 17: 2455–2461
35 Jones CW, Tsuji K, Davis ME. Organic-functionalized molecular
sieves as shape-selective catalysts. Nature, 1998, 393: 52–54
supported alkali and alkali earth metal oxides for transesterification
of palm kernel oil and coconut oil. Chem Eng J, 2009, 145: 468–474
Kitakawa NS, Honda H, Kuribayashi H, Toda T, Fukumura T,
Yonemoto T. Biodiesel production using anionic ion-exchange resin
as heterogeneous catalyst. Bioresour Technol, 2007, 98: 416–421
Serio MD, Tesser R, Dimiccoli M, Cammarota F, Nastasi M,
Santacesaria E. Synthesis of biodiesel via homogeneous Lewis acid
catalyst. J Mol Catal A Chem, 2005, 239: 111–115
Serio MD, Apicella B, Grieco G, Iengo P, Fiocca L, Po R,
Santacesaria E. Kinetic and catalytic aspects of dimethylterephtalate
transesterification also through the use of model molecules. J Mol
Catal A Chem, 1998, 130: 233–240
1
1
4
5
Basu HN, Norris ME. US Patent, 5525126. 1996-06-11
Liu KS. Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for gaschromatographic