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Thermal oxidation was able to recover sulfone deactivated Pd/C
catalyst successfully at temperatures as low as 100 ꢀC. The main
reason for the catalyst deactivation was the blockage of metal
active sites by low valence sulfur species derived from the
hydrogenolysis of 3-nitrophenyl sulfone. The recovery of cata-
lytic activity was attributed to the formation of high valence
sulfur species with the occupation of oxygen under heating,
which largely weakened the strength of Pd–S bond. In this
regard, thermal oxidation method might be highly applicable in
the regeneration of other sulfur-poisoned noble metals.
Furthermore, we found that the regenerated Pd/C could be
recycled for at least 20 times with reasonable loss of activity, so
that thermal oxidation method has good prospects for the
industrialization.
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Acknowledgements
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25 C. Schuth, N.-A. Kummer, C. Weidenthaler and H. Schad,
This work was nancially supported by National Natural
Science Foundation of China (NSFC-20976164) and National
Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (no.
2011CB710800).
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33354 | RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 33347–33354
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