Tailoring Porous Silica Films
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leading to thin films with pore diameters in the range of 1.91
((0.20) to 3.86 ((0.20) nm. The pore expansion of thin films
increased with an increase in CO2 pressure and with the tail
length of surfactant templates. Branching of the surfactant
template resulted in increased swelling of the micelle core,
compared to linear tail surfactants, which is consistent with
previous studies of CO2 solvation of fluorinated tails.28-30 The
long-range ordering of the thin films was retained after pore
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organic solvents as pore swelling agents.19,21,24
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Sol-gel processing of templated materials provides the
opportunity to capture self-assembled structures into kinetically
stable materials.82,83 Capturing the effects of CO2 on self-
assembly has practical application (i.e., pore expansion or CO2-
directed self-assembly) and addresses the limited investigations
of the effect of CO2 on surfactant mesophases.26,84 In contrast,
numerous investigations have focused on the effect of CO2 on
self-assembled aggregates (micelles and microemulsions).44-46,85,86
The interpretation of CO2-induced pore expansion using
micelle-based approaches (i.e., interfacial activity and phase
behavior, as relevant to the HCB) may provide a systematic
guide to design surfactant systems whose resulting co-assembled
structures may be altered through CO2 solvation.
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Acknowledgment. The authors would like to acknowledge
National Science Foundation NIRT Grant # DMR-0210517 and
Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation Grant KSEF-
159-RDE-001 for funding of this research project.
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