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A series of cationic porphyrins bearing one to four –NðCH3Þþ
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3
groups was synthesized in good overall yields and their biological
properties were investigated in human HEp2 cells. The extent of
their cellular uptake was dependent on their amphiphilicity, rather
than hydrophobic character. The dark- and photo-toxicity varied
greatly among this series of porphyrins; the most phototoxic com-
pound was MAP, followed by DADP-a and TEAP. All compounds
were found to target the mitochondria as well as, to some extent,
the lysosomes. MAP showed a unique affinity for localization in
the membranous compartments of the cells and the highest
dark/phototoxicity ratio, and therefore is the most promising can-
didate for PDT applications. On the other hand, DADP-o and TRAP
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delivery agents for therapeutics into human cells, particularly the
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Acknowledgement
The work described was supported by the National Institutes of
Health, Grant numbers CA132861 (to KMS) and CA139297 (to
MGHV).
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