ꢂianꢆ et al
9
. Han F, Yin R, Che X, et al. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) based
topical gel of flurbiprofen: design, characterization and in vivo evalu-
ation. Int J Pharm. 2012;439(1):349–357.
exhibited dramatic antitumor activity on non-small-cell lung
cancer cells compared with normal cells. Furthermore, the
PMAGP-GEM/PTX NAG-NLCs exhibited superior toxic-
ity compared with other formulations in this study, and can
achieve highly synergistic combinational chemotherapies.
Remarkably, the results also showed that there was an opti-
mum ratio of dual drugs with the best cytotoxicity effect
and greatest combinatorial effects among other tested for-
mulations. Meanwhile, in vitro targeting studies showed that
NAG-NLCs exhibited higher uptake efficiency in A549 cells
via glucose receptor-mediated endocytosis. The PMAGP-
GEM/PTX NAG-NLCs we designed can be beneficial to
tumor therapy, and future research should be encouraged to
investigate a dose-dependent response and optimal doses with
maximal anticancer efficacy but fewer side effects.
10. Song J, Fan X, Shen Q. Daidzein-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers-
PLGA nanofibers for transdermal delivery. Int J Pharm. 2016;501(1):
2
45–252.
1
1. Liu X, Wang Z, Feng R, Hu Y, Huang G. A novel approach for sys-
tematic delivery of a hydrophobic anti-leukemia agent tamibarotene
mediated by nanostructured lipid carrier. J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2013;
9
(9):1586–1593.
12. Ranpise NS, Korabu SS, Ghodake VN. Second generation lipid nano-
particles (NLC) as an oral drug carrier for delivery of lercanidipine
hydrochloride. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2014;116:81–87.
3. Gu X, Zhang W, Liu J, et al. Preparation and characterization of a
lovastatin-loaded protein-free nanostructured lipid carrier resembling
high-density lipoprotein and evaluation of its targeting to foam cells.
AAPS PharmSciTech. 2011;12(4):1200–1208.
14. Baykara M, Coskun U, Berk V, et al. Gemcitabine plus paclitaxel as
second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell
lung cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(10):5119–5124.
5. Kroep JR, Smit EF, Giaccone G, et al. Pharmacology of the paclitaxel-
cisplatin, gemcitabine-cisplatin, and paclitaxel-gemcitabine combina-
tions in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer
Chemother Pharmacol. 2006;58(4):509–516.
16. Shord SS, Faucette SR, Gillenwater HH, et al. Gemcitabine
pharmacokinetics and interaction with paclitaxel in patients with
advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol.
2003;51(4):328–336.
7. Fogli S, Danesi R, De Braud F, et al. Drug distribution and
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of paclitaxel and gem-
citabine in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2001;
1
1
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the Shandong
Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2014HM096,
ZR2014HQ069, ZR2014HL104) and the Project of Health
Science and Technology Development Program in Shandong
Province (2014WS0484).
1
1
1
1
2(11):1553–1559.
8. Miao L, Guo S, Zhang J, Kim WY, Huang L. Nanoparticles with precise
ratiometric co-loading and co-delivery of gemcitabine monophos-
phate and cisplatin for treatment of bladder cancer. Adv Funct Mater.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
2
014;24(42):6601–6611.
9. Kroep JR, Giaccone G, Tolis C, et al. Sequence dependent effect of
paclitaxel on gemcitabine metabolism in relation to cell cycle and
cytotoxicity in non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. Br J Cancer. 2000;
83(8):1069–1076.
20. Tardi PG, Dos Santos N, Harasym TO, et al. Drug ratio-dependent
antitumor activity of irinotecan and cisplatin combinations in vitro
and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009;8(8):2266–2275.
21. Duan X, Xiao J, Yin Q, et al. Smart pH-sensitive and temporal-
controlled polymeric micelles for effective combination therapy of
doxorubicin and disulfiram. ACS Nano. 2013;7(7):5858–5869.
22. Ding Y, Han J, Tian B, et al. Hepatoma-targeting and pH-sensitive
nanocarriers based on a novel D-galactopyranose copolymer for efficient
drug delivery. Int J Pharm. 2014;477(1):187–196.
23. Pawar S, Vavia P. Glucosamine anchored cancer targeted nano-
vesicular drug delivery system of doxorubicin. J Drug Target. 2016;
24(1):68–79.
References
1
2
. Ding Y, Qiao Y, Wang M, et al. Enhanced neuroprotection of acetyl-
1
1-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA)-loaded O-carboxymethyl chitosan
nanoparticles through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways.
Mol Neurobiol. 2016;53(6):3842–3853.
. Hashem FM, Al-Sawahli MM, Nasr M, Ahmed OA. Custom fractional
factorial designs to develop atorvastatin self-nanoemulsifying and nano-
suspension delivery systems: enhancement of oral bioavailability. Drug
Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:3141–3152.
3
4
. Mancarella S, Greco V, Baldassarre F, Vergara D, Maffia M, Leporatti S.
Polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles for curcumin delivery to cancer
cells. Macromol Biosci. 2015;15(10):1365–1374.
. Shi F, Zhao Y, Firempong CK, Xu X. Preparation, characterization and
pharmacokinetic studies of linalool-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers.
Pharm Biol. 2016;54(10):2320–2328.
5
. Zhou J, Zhou D. Improvement of oral bioavailability of lovastatin by using
nanostructured lipid carriers. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:5269–5275.
. Wu M, Fan Y, Lv S, Xiao B, Ye M, Zhu X. Vincristine and temozolo-
mide combined chemotherapy for the treatment of glioma: a comparison
of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers for dual
drugs delivery. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(8):2720–2725.
24. Macheda ML, Rogers S, Best JD. Molecular and cellular regulation of
glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins in cancer. J Cell Physiol. 2005;
202(3):654–662.
25. Pawar SK, Vavi P. Efficacy interactions of PEG-DOX-N-acetyl
glucosamine prodrug conjugate for anticancer therapy. Eur J Pharm
Biopharm. 2015;97(Pt B):454–463.
6
7
. Song A, Su Z, Li S, Han F. Nanostructured lipid carriers-based
flurbiprofen gel after topical administration: acute skin irritation, phar-
macodynamics, and percutaneous absorption mechanism. Drug Dev Ind
Pharm. 2015;41(9):1488–1492.
26. Pawar SK, Badhwar AJ, Kharas F, Khandare JJ, Vavia PR.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG)-
PEG-doxorubicin targeted conjugates for anticancer delivery. Int J
Pharm. 2012;436(1):183–193.
8
. Zhang C, Peng F, Liu W, et al. Nanostructured lipid carriers as a novel
oral delivery system for triptolide: induced changes in pharmacokinetics
profile associated with reduced toxicity in male rats. Int J Nanomedicine.
27. Gu X, Zhang W, Liu J, et al. Preparation and characterization of a
lovastatin-loaded protein-free nanostructured lipid carrier resembling
high-density lipoprotein and evaluation of its targeting to foam cells.
AAPS PharmSciTech. 2011;12(4):1200–1208.
2
014;9:1049–1063.
1
712
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2017:12