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ChemComm
DOI: 10.1039/C6CC04713K
COMMUNICATION
Moreover, XPS tests are carried out to study chemical sta
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Wang, Y. Chen, B.H. Han and W.P. Ding, Chem. Commun.,
2015, 51, 17712.
(a) Q. Gao, X.Y. Zhao, Y. Xiao and M.H. Cao, Nanoscale, 2014,
6, 6151; (b) R.R. Li, S.G. Wang, W. Wang and M.H. Cao, Phys.
Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 24083.
W.J. Kwak, K.C. Lau, C.D. Shin, K. Amine, L.A. Curtiss and Y.K.
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of component elements for spent CNMC-2. As listed in the Mo
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3d core level spectrum (Fig. S10, ESI†), there are six peaks
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which are ascribed to 3d5/2 (232.6 eV) and 3d3/2 (235.7 eV) of
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+
4+
Mo , 3d5/2 (229.6 eV) and 3d3/2 (233 eV) of Mo , as well
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as
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3d5/2 (228.8 eV) and 3d3/2 (231.8 eV) of Mo–C, which accoun
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ts
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Sun, ACSNano, 2015,
10 (a) K. Zhang, Y, Zhao and Y.J. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015,
, 5783; (b) Y.P. Liu, T. Asefa, W. Chen and X.X. Zou, Angew.
9, 4129.
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for about 31.3 % of Mo species and the results are in well
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consistent with the fresh one, suggesting that the catalyst is
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Chem. Int. Ed., 2015, 54, 10752; (c) K. Zhang, C.Y. Li, X.B. Yu
and Y.J. Chen, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 16609.
efficiently protected by CN from the acid corrosion. Meanwhile,
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spectra of C 1s and N 1s show little changes from the a
71 11 (a) J.S. Lee, S.T. Oyama and M. Boudart, J. Catal., 1987, 106,
s-
prepared catalyst, indicating a high stability of CN. And it
7
is
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125; (b) X.W. Chen, T. Zhang, P.L. Ying, M.Y. Zheng, W.C. Wu,
L.G. Xia, X.D. Wang and C. Li, Chem. Commun., 2002, 288.
12 (a) X.Y. Li, D. Ma and X.H. Bao, Catal. Lett., 2007, 116, 63; (b)
C.H. Liang, P.L. Ying and C. Li, Chem. Mater., 2002, 14, 3148.
6 13 (a) C. Giordano, C. Erpen, W.T. Yao and M. Antonietti, Nano
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further demonstrated by elemental analysis for carbon,
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nitrogen and hydrogen of the spent catalyst (Table S2 ESI†).
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Compared with the fresh catalyst, the spent one shows a
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comparative composition. Therefore, O accounts for 19.0 w
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t.
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%
Lett., 2008,
Tu, J. Mater. Charact., 2008, 59, 241; (c) L. Ma, L.R. Ting, V.
Molinari and B.S. Yeo, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, , 8361.
8, 4659; (b) D.P. Xiang, Y. Liu, S.J. Gao and M.J.
in the spent catalyst. Furthermore, the crystallization and
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particle size of spent CNMC-2 almost keep the same with the
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14 X.H. Li, S. Kurasch, U. Kaiser and M. Antonietti, Angew.
as-prepared one based on the TEM and HRTEM images (Fig.
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1 Chem. Int. Ed., 2012, 51, 9689.
S11, ESI†) and the crystal phase of
is further confirmed by its XRD spectrum (Fig. S12, ESI†).
In summary, although molybdenum carbides exhibit a hig
x
α-MoC in the used catalyst
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15 D.F. Su, Z..Z.. Wei, S.J. Mao, J. Wang, Y. Li, H.R. Li, Z..R. Chen
and Y. Wang, Catal. Sci. Tech., 2016, 6, 4503.
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7 J. Radnik, A. Surhus , M. Nielsen, A. Bruckner and M. Beller,
83
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h
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catalytic activity for hydrogenation reactions, it could hardly
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maintain its structure in a strong acid environment and also it
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would be oxidized into molybdenum oxide rapidly when
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Nat. Chem., 2013, 5, 537.
exposed to ambient atmosphere without any passivation. He
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re
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,
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a novel structure of molybdenum carbides as an acid-resistant
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hydrogenation catalyst is designed and prepared by N-doped
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carbon encapsulation through a solid reaction. The catalyst
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with a robust structure shows excellent stability in sulphuric
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acid for the one-pot hydrogenation of nitro-benzene to
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p-
aminophenol with a high catalytic activity. The unique
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construction would pave the way for designs of functional
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21 A.P. Dementjev, A. Graaf, M.C.M. Sanden, A.V. Naumkin and
catalysts with promising properties distinguished from those in
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