156
J. Ruiz-Martínez et al. / Journal of Catalysis 260 (2008) 150–156
Table 3
Selectivity and yield of crotyl alcohol at different times on-stream.
Selectivity (%)
Initial
CROTOL yield (%)
Initial 100 min
Catalyst
100 min
HC
HC
Butanal
Butanol
CROTOL
Butanal
Butanol
CROTOL
Ru/SiO2
RuTi/SiO2(IMP)
RuTi/SiO2(CVD)
1
2
2
47
49
45
51
19
21
1
30
32
3
3
3
93
65
48
2
3
3
3
29
46
0.47
1.62
3.36
0.24
0.52
2.22
compounds. TEM also showed that a wider particle size distribu-
tion also was involved in this loss of ruthenium dispersion for
the impregnated catalyst. CO adsorption microcalorimetry results
suggest a stronger interaction of ruthenium with titanium for the
catalyst prepared by the CVD method. The activity and selectivity
toward crotyl alcohol in the selective hydrogenation of crotonalde-
hyde in the vapor phase also was altered by titanium addition.
No selectivity for the monometallic catalyst was found; as long as
the activity decreased with the addition of titanium, the selectiv-
ity increased. The effect of the preparation method was significant.
The selectivity for the catalyst prepared by CVD was increased sig-
nificantly. Two factors are suggested as being responsible for this
improvement: (i) better dispersion of titanium on the silica surface
and (ii) formation of RuTi intermetallic compounds.
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Financial support from Ministerio de Educación
(Project NAN2004-09267-CO3) and Generalidad Valenciana (Project
ACOM2007/049), Spain, is gratefully acknowledged.
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