RSC Advances
Paper
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¨
cmꢃ1, 1261 cmꢃ1, 1205 cmꢃ1, and 1161 cmꢃ1 correspondedꢃt1o
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C–O bond stretching vibrations, while those at 3134 cm
,
,
3115 cmꢃ1, 1622 cmꢃ1, 1604 cmꢃ1, 1485 cmꢃ1, 1161 cmꢃ1
1020 cmꢃ1, 754 cmꢃ1, and 592 cmꢃ1 are caused by the vibra- 14 H. Olcay, A. V. Subrahmanyam, R. Xing, J. Lajoie,
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Conclusions
A series of solid acid catalysts were rstly used for the synthesis
of fuel precursors F2Cp and FCp from cyclopentanone and
furfural derived from hemicellulose in a solvent free system.
Naon exhibited the best performance among the investigated
catalysts (Naon, Amberlyst-15, Amberlyst-36, H-USY, ZSM-5, H-
b, SiO2/Al2O3). The effects of dosage of catalyst, reaction
temperature, and time are studied. Under the optimized
conditions, conversion of furfural was 73.86%, the yields of
F2Cp and FCp were 37.48% and 23.77%, respectively. No deac-
tivation was observed during 4 continuous runs. Mechanism of
aldol condensation of furfural and cyclopentanone was
proposed in detail. Meanwhile, a certain amount of humins also
formed in the reaction process, and the products were charac-
terized using FT-IR spectra.
¨
16 I. Agirrezabal-Telleria, J. Requies, M. B. Guemez and
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17 P. Azadi, R. Carrasquillo-Flores, Y. J. Pagan-Torres,
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Education Department of
Shaanxi Provincial Government Research Project (No.
16JK1146), the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(No. 21503125, 21502109), and the Funds of Research Programs
of Shaanxi University of Technology (No. SLGQD13(2)-1).
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