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Green Chemistry
tions in this study. The yields of thiuram disulfides were
obtained from the concentrations in the original and product
solutions and the sodium dithiocarbamate concentrations in
preparation, as shown by eqn (1).
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ꢀ
ꢁ
QOcp þ QA cpa ꢀ cp0
Yield ¼
ꢁ 100%
ð1Þ
QAc0
in which QO is the flow rate of organic phase, QA is the flow rate
of aqueous phase, cp is the thiuram disulfide concentration in
the organic product, cpa is the thiuram disulfide concentration
in the aqueous phase product of electrolysis, cp0 is the thiuram
disulfide concentration in the original aqueous phase, and c0 is
the sodium dithiocarbamate concentration in the raw solution.
In the calculation of Faraday efficiencies, the response currents
from the potentiostat electrolysis experiment were integrated in
MATLAB 2019 for a certain reaction time as the theoretical
outputs. The actual outputs were obtained from the reaction
yields and flow rates of solutions as shown by eqn (2).
F ꢂ QAc0 ꢂ yield ꢂ tR
Faraday efficiency ¼
ꢁ 100%
ð2Þ
Ð
tR
Idt
0
where F is the Faraday constant, tR is the experimental operat-
ing time for integration, and I is the reaction current. NaOH
conversions in the condensation reaction were evaluated by
the variation in pH during the experiment. Only the contri-
bution of NaOH to OH− was considered in the calculation,
which was deviated from the real situation. However, because
the ratio of secondary amine and NaOH was fixed to 1 in all
experiments, this deviation had little effect on the evaluated
values of NaOH conversion in such low concentrated alkaline
solutions.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts to declare.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support from the State Key Lab
of Chemical Engineering (No. SKL-ChE-20Z01) for this work.
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J. Electrochem. Soc., 2008, 155, E162.
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