V. S. V. Satyanarayana, A. Sivakumar/Chemical Papers 65 (4) 519–526 (2011)
525
Conclusions
with anitdepressant activity. Journal of Medicinal Chem-
istry, 21, 405–409. DOI: 10.1021/jm00202a021.
Heravi, M. M., Bakhtiari, K., Oskooie, H. A., & Taheri, S.
An efficient and simple alternative method for the
preparation of substituted 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles
under heterogeneous conditions using UO2(NO3)2 ·
(2007a). Synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-imidazoles catalyzed by
NiCl2·6H2O under heterogeneous system. Journal of Molec-
ular Catalysis A: Chemical, 263, 279–281. DOI: 10.1016/j.
molcata.2006.08.070.
6
H2O/Al2O3 as the catalyst was investigated. Com-
plex formation between benzaldehyde, benzil, and
uranyl nitrate was confirmed by UV absorption spec-
tra. Advantages of the presented method are its op-
erational simplicity with good yields, shorter reaction
time, low costs, and easy work-up procedure. All pre-
pared compounds were screened for their antibacte-
rial activity and were found to be active against Es-
cherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphy-
lococcus aureus bacterial strains. Moreover, these
compounds exhibited moderate to potent antioxidant
activity when using the DPPH radical scavenging
method.
Heravi, M. M., Derikvand, F., & Bamoharram, F. F. (2007b).
Highly efficient, four-component one-pot synthesis of tetra-
substituted imidazoles using Keggin-type heteropolyacids as
green and reusable catalysts. Journal of Molecular Catalysis
A: Chemistry, 263, 112–114. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.08.
048.
Hofmann, K. (1953). Imidazole and its derivatives. Part I. New
York, NY, USA: Interscience Publishers.
I ¸s ikda ˘g , I., & Meri ¸c , A. (1999). Syntheses and analgesic activi-
ties of some 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl and 1,2-disubstituted-
4,5-diphenyl imidazole derivatives. Bollettino Chimico Far-
maceutico, 138, 24–29.
Jadhav, S. D., Kokare, N. D., & Jadhav, S. D. (2008). Phos-
phomolybdic acid catalyzed facile one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-
triaryl-1H-imidazoles from benzil and aromatic aldehydes.
Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 45, 1461–1464. DOI:
Acknowledgements. The authors gratefully acknowledge the
management of the VIT University, Vellore, for support and
providing necessary facilities.
10.1002/jhet.5570450533.
Khosropour, A. R. (2008). Ultrasound-promoted greener syn-
thesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles catalyzed by
Zr(acac)4 under ambient conditions. Ultrasonics Sonochem-
istry, 15, 659–664. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2007.12.005.
Kidwai, M., Mothsra, P., Bansal, V., Somvanshi, R. K., Ethay-
athulla, A. S., Dey, S., & Singh, T. P. (2007). One-pot synthe-
sis of highly substituted imidazoles using molecular iodine: A
versatile catalyst. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chem-
ical, 265, 177–182. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.10.009.
Li, J., Lin, S., Dai, J., & Su, W. (2010). L-Proline triflate as an
efficient and reusable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of
2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted
imidazoles. Journal of Chemical Research, 34, 196–199. DOI:
10.3184/030823410X12698803608765.
Liu, J., Chen, J., Zhao, J., Zhao, Y., Li, L., & Zhang, H. (2003).
A modified procedure for the synthesis of 1-arylimidazoles.
Synthesis, 2003, 2661–2666. DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-42444.
Lombardino, J. G., & Wiseman, E. H. (1974). Preparation and
antiinflammatory activity of some nonacidic tristubstituted
imidazoles. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 17, 1182–1188.
DOI: 10.1021/jm00257a011.
References
Bellina, F., Cauteruccio, S.,
& Rossi, R. (2007). Synthe-
sis and biological activity of vicinal diaryl-substituted 1H-
imidazoles. Tetrahedron, 63, 4571–4624. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.
2
007.02.075.
Blokhin, V. E., Gryazev, V. F., Tabachnik, I. E., Rozin, Y.
A., Surovtsev, L. G., & Kalakutskii, B. T. (1979). Synthe-
sis and properties of 2-styryl-4,5-diarylimidazoles. Izvestiya
Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Khimiya i Khimicheskaya
Tekhnologiya, 22, 287–289.
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., & Berset, C. (1995).
Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activ-
ity. LWT – Food Science and Technology, 28, 25–30. DOI:
1
0.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5.
Clark, N. G., & Cawkill, E. (1975). The reaction between
cyanide ion and nitrones novel imidazole synthesis.
Tetrahedron Letters, 16, 2717–2720. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-
039(00)75222-1.
a
4
Cozzi, P., Carganico, G., Fusar, D., Grossoni, M., Menich-
incheri, M., Pinciroli, V., Tonani, R., Vaghi, F., & Sal-
vati, P. (1993). Imidazol-1-yl and pyridin-3-yl derivatives of
Maier, T., Schmierer, R., Bauer, K., Bieringer, H., B u¨ rstell, H.,
& Sachse, B. (1989). 1-Substituted imidazole-5-carboxylic
acid derivatives, their preparation and their use as bio-
cides. U.S. Patent No. 4820335. Washington, D.C., USA: U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office.
Meenakshi, S., Reenakalsi, Renusah, Dixit, K. S., Nath, C.,
& Barthwal, J. P. (1990). Synthesis, anticonvulsant and
enzyme-inhibitory activities of some indolyl-1,3,4-thiadiazo-
les. Indian Journal of Chemistry B, 29B, 85–87.
Mohan, J., & Kumar, A. (2002). Condensed bridgehead nitro-
gen heterocyclic systems: Facile synthesis and antimicrobial
activity of imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles. Indian Journal
of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 12, 41–44.
4
-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridines combining Ca2+ antagonism
and thromboxane A2 synthase inhibition. Journal of Medic-
inal Chemistry, 36, 2964–2972. DOI: 10.1021/jm00072a017.
Drabu, S., Kumar, N., & Munirajan, S. (2005). Synthesis
and antiinflammatory activity of some 3-substituted in-
dolo[2,3]imidazoles. Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chem-
istry, 15, 195–196.
Florey, H. W., Chain, E., & Florey, M. E. (1989). The antibiotic
(Vol. I, pp. 576–628). New York, NY, USA: Oxford University
Press.
Frantz, D. E., Morency, L., Soheili, A., Murry, J. A., Grabowski,
E. J. J., & Tillyer, R. D. (2004). Synthesis of substituted
imidazoles via organocatalysis. Organic Letters, 6, 843–846.
DOI: 10.1021/ol0498803.
Giordano, C., & Belli, A. (1975). Heterocycles by α-thioamido-
alkylation of unsaturated compounds. Part VI. 6H-1,3,5-
oxathiazines. Synthesis, 1975, 789–791. DOI: 10.1055/s-1975-
Murthy, S. N., Madhav, B., & Nageswar, Y. V. D. (2010).
DABCO as a mild and efficient catalytic system for the syn-
thesis of highly substituted imidazoles via multi-component
condensation strategy. Tetrahedron Letters, 51, 5252–5257.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.128.
Nagalakshmi, G. (2008). Synthesis and pharmacological evalu-
ation of 2-(4-halosubstituted phenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imida-
zoles. E-Journal of Chemistry, 5, 447–452.
2
3928.
Harfenist, M., Soroko, F. E., & McKenzie, G. M. (1978).
-(Alkoxyaryl)-2-imidazoline monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Renukadevi, P., Biradar, J. S., Hiremath, S. P., & Man-
junath, S. Y. (1997). Synthesis and antibacterial activ-
2