270
JANSEN ET AL.
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(1994).
present compared to when the catalyst is without ruthe-
nium.
Another important factor is the usable lifetime of these
materials. The lifetime appears to be extended by the ad-
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to be more efficient for a significantly longer time than
that seen in the pure copper material. The total percent-
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products when compared to the pure copper catalyst. It also
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The following reaction mechanisms for these mixed
Press, New York, 1970.
metal catalysts are proposed. the primary reaction is the
reduction/hydrogenation of the butyraldehyde to 1-butanol
and the secondary reaction has been determined to be only
the bimolecular dehydration (substitution) reaction under
acidic conditions. Even though this type of system was not
thought of as an acid catalyst, we have shown in this pa-
per that it can be used as an acid catalyst in some appli-
cations. The results presented on the formation of dibutyl
ether could lead to a new inexpensive process for the pro-
duction of ethers.
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