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KAZEMNEJADI ET AL.
analysis). Cu leached for 1th to 6th was as order of: 0.3%,
0.8%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 1.5%, 1.9% respectively. This indicates
that the catalyst is stable during reactions, which cannot
be found any deactivation in terms of leaching.
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In this paper, we have reported a simple and selective
method for the transformation of a wide variety of alde-
hydes, amines and nitriles into the corresponding 1- and
5-substituted tetrazoles using GO/Fe3O4@PAA-Cu com-
plex as an efficient catalyst. The catalyst was studied from
various aspects including: FTIR, TGA, VSM, FE-SEM,
TEM, XRD, EDX, DLS and ICP analyses. High to excel-
lent yields were obtained for all approaches in various
conditions. It was suggested that aldehyde and oxime
could be transformed to 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles via a
different milder approach than nitrile. The catalyst bear-
ing α-amino acid polar groups, provide a suitable
medium for the transformation of aldehyde and oxime
through a three-component click chemistry in water. The
recyclability of the catalyst was investigated for six con-
secutive recycles without any remarkable reactivity loss.
Also, an insignificant metal leaching was observed for
the catalyst during recycling. The durability and stability
of the catalyst was studied by some analytical methods
such as FTIR, FE-SEM, TEM and VSM analyses.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
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Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of
this work by the Research Council of University of
Birjand.
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