Page 7 of 8
Journal Name
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
Article
165-171; (f) F. Kosaka, Y. Oshima and J. Otomo, Electrochim.
Acta, 2011, 56, 10093-10100; (g) K. Miyazaki, T. Matsumiya, T.
BF-STEM, HAADF-STEM, EDX, and Line-scan Analyses.
Bright field scanning transmission electron microscopy (BF-
STEM), high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission
electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images, energy dispersive X-
ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses, and line scan analyses of Fe-
group binary NA catalysts (FeCo/C, FeNi/C, and CoNi/C) were
recorded with a JEM-ARM200F operated at 120 kV to identify the
shape and dispersion of the particles and to analyse the distribution
of Fe, Co, and Ni atoms in the particle interior. For these
measurements, catalysts were suspended in methanol solution and
ultrasonicated using a pulse ultrasonic probe for 20 min. The
suspension was dropped onto the carbon-coated copper grid
followed by solvent evaporation in vacuo at room temperature
overnight (approximately 12 hours). The measuring interval was 0.2
nm for all measurements in the STEM analyses.
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP00954E
Ozoemena, R. M. Modibedi, C. J. Jafta and M. K. Mathe, J.
Electroanal. Chem., 2013, 692, 26-30; (i) H. Yue, Y. Zhao, X. Ma
and J. Gong, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012, 41, 4218-4244.
5.
(a) V. Livshits, M. Philosoph and E. Peled, J. Power Sources,
2008, 178, 687-691; (b) A. Serov and C. Kwak, Appl. Catal. B:
Environ., 2010, 97, 1-12; (c) L. Xin, Z. Zhang, J. Qi, D.
Chadderdon and W. Li, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2012, 125, 85-
94; (d) A. Marchionni, M. Bevilacqua, C. Bianchini, Y.-X. Chen,
J. Filippi, P. Fornasiero, A. Lavacchi, H. Miller, L. Wang and F.
Vizza, ChemSusChem, 2013, 6, 518-528; (e) V. Bambagioni, M.
Bevilacqua, C. Bianchini, J. Filippi, A. Marchionni, F. Vizza, L.
Q. Wang and P. K. Shen, Fuel Cells, 2010, 10, 582-590.
(a) V. L. Oliveira, C. Morais, K. Servat, T. W. Napporn, G.
Tremiliosi-Filho and K. B. Kokoh, Electrochim. Acta, 2014, 117,
255-262; (b) B. Wieland, J. P. Lancaster, C. S. Hoaglund, P.
Holota and W. J. Tornquist, Langmuir, 1996, 12, 2594.
6.
7.
T. Matsumoto, M. Sadakiyo, M. L. Ooi, S. Kitano, T. Yamamoto,
S. Matsumura, K. Kato, T. Takeguchi and M. Yamauchi, Sci. Rep.,
2014, 4, 5620.
8.
9.
R. Ferrando, J. Jellinek and R. L. Johnston, Chem. Rev., 2008,
108, 845-910.
Notes and references
(a) S. Koh and P. Strasser, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 12624-
12625; (b) J. X. Wang, H. Inada, L. Wu, Y. Zhu, Y. Choi, P. Liu,
W.-P. Zhou and R. R. Adzic, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131,
17298-17302; (c) A. U. Nilekar, S. Alayoglu, B. Eichhorn and M.
Mavrikakis, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 7418-7428; (d) S.
Alayoglu, A. U. Nilekar, M. Mavrikakis and B. Eichhorn, Nat.
Mater., 2008, 7, 333-338.
†
Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) available: General
procedures, synthetic operations, measurement (powder XRD, cyclic
voltammetry, and chronoamperometry) and definition of number of electrons,
current efficiency, selectivity, chemical composition of NA and NP catalysts,
EDX line scan analyses results, TEM images of NP catalysts, CV curves of
Fe-group NA catalysts, adsorption configuration of glycolic acid on 10.
FeCo(001) and FeCoNi(111) surfaces, and change of the C-C bond distances
of glycolic acid on their surface. See DOI: 10.1039/c000000x/
(a) A. Miura, H. Wang, B. M. Leonard, H. c. D. Abruña and F. J.
DiSalvo, Chem. Mater., 2009, 21, 2661-2667; (b) M. Nakaya, M.
Kanehara, M. Yamauchi, H. Kitagawa and T. Teranishi, J. Phys.
Chem. C, 2007, 111, 7231-7234; (c) M. Yamauchi and T. Tsukuda,
Dalton Trans., 2011, 40, 4842-4845; (d) M. Okada, A.
Kamegawa, J. Nakahigashi, A. Yamaguchi, A. Fujita and M.
Yamauchi, Mater. Sci. Eng., B, 2010, 173, 253-259.
(a) K. Kusada, H. Kobayashi, R. Ikeda, Y. Kubota, M. Takata, S.
Toh, T. Yamamoto, S. Matsumura, N. Sumi, K. Sato, K. Nagaoka
and H. Kitagawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014; (b) M. Yamauchi, R.
Abe, T. Tsukuda, K. Kato and M. Takata, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011,
133, 1150-1152; (c) Y. Shiraishi, H. Sakamoto, Y. Sugano, S.
Ichikawa and T. Hirai, ACS Nano, 2013, 7, 9287-9297.
a International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER),
Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
11.
b CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
c Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu
University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
d
RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-
12.
(a) B. Coq and F. Figueras, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 2001, 173,
117-134; (b) Y. Ohkubo, M. Shibata, S. Kageyama, S. Seino, T.
Nakagawa, J. Kugai, H. Nitani and T. Yamamoto, J. Mater. Sci.,
2013, 48, 2142-2150.
M. J. Sharif, M. Yamauchi, S. Toh, S. Matsumura, S.-i. Noro, K.
Kato, M. Takata and T. Tsukuda, Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 1489-1493.
K. Kato, R. Hirose, M. Takemoto, S. Ha, J. Kim, M. Higuchi, R.
Matsuda, S. Kitagawa and M. Takata, AIP Conf. Proc., 2010,
1234, 875-878.
5148, Japan.
e
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan.
f
Fracture and Reliability Research Institute (FRRI), Graduate School of
13.
14.
Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai
980-8579, Japan.
1.
2.
P. M. Cox, R. A. Betts, C. D. Jones, S. A. Spall and I. J. Totterdell,
Nature, 2000, 408, 184-187.
15.
16.
17.
(a) N. R. Elezovic, B. M. Babic, L. M. Vracar, V. R. Radmilovic
and N. V. Krstajic, PCCP, 2009, 11, 5192-5197; (b) J. L. Cohen,
D. J. Volpe and H. D. Abruna, PCCP, 2007, 9, 49-77; (c) H.
Wang, L. R. Alden, F. J. DiSalvo and H. c. D. Abruña, Langmuir,
2009, 25, 7725-7735.
(a) T. Matsumoto, M. Sadakiyo, M. L. Ooi, T. Yamamoto, S.
Matsumura, K. Kato, T. Takeguchi and M. Yamauchi, submitted;
(b) A. J. Bard and L. R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods:
Fundamentals and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New
York, 2001.
(a) T. Takeguchi, H. Arikawa, M. Yamauchi and R. Abe, ECS
Trans., 2011, 41, 1755-1759; (b) S. P. Annen, V. Bambagioni, M.
Bevilacqua, J. Filippi, A. Marchionni, W. Oberhauser, H.
Schönberg, F. Vizza, C. Bianchini and H. Grützmacher, Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed., 2010, 49, 7229-7233; (c) C. Bianchini and P. K.
Shen, Chem. Rev., 2009, 109, 4183-4206; (d) V. Bambagioni, C.
Bianchini, A. Marchionni, J. Filippi, F. Vizza, J. Teddy, P. Serp
and M. Zhiani, J. Power Sources, 2009, 190, 241-251; (e) K.
Matsuoka, Y. Iriyama, T. Abe, M. Matsuoka and Z. Ogumi, J.
(a) N. Armaroli and V. Balzani, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2007, 46,
52-66; (b) S. Chu and A. Majumdar, Nature, 2012, 488, 294-303;
(c) R. Watanabe, M. Yamauchi, M. Sadakiyo, R. Abe and T.
Takeguchi, Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, in press, DOI;
10.1039/C5EE00192G.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Health Effects Assessment
for Ethylene Glycol. EPA/600/8-88/038. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH.
1988.
(a) Y. Kwon, S. C. S. Lai, P. Rodriguez and M. T. M. Koper, J.
Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 6914-6917; (b) S. C. Chang, Y. Ho
and M. J. Weaver, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 9506-9513; (c)
A. Kumar, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 5179-5182; (d) S.
Yongprapat, A. Therdthianwong and S. Therdthianwong, J.
Electroanal. Chem., 2013, 697, 46-52; (e) J.-L. Lin, J. Ren, N.
Tian, Z.-Y. Zhou and S.-G. Sun, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2013, 688,
3.
4.
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
J. Name., 2015, 00, 1-3 | 7