Dalton Transactions p. 6488 - 6494 (2020)
Update date:2022-08-11
Topics:
Alegria, Elisabete C. B. A.
Alves, Marta M.
Fátima Montemor, M.
Pombeiro, Armando J. L.
Ribeiro, Ana P. C.
Saraiva, Marta S.
Soliman, Mohamed M. A.
ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were successfully synthesized using bravo-de-esmolfe apple extract in aqueous medium at room temperature. ZnO microparticles, prepared with a pure apple phytochemical, quercetin (ZnOq), or without phytochemicals (ZnO) were studied for comparative purposes. The re-use of apple waste for highly efficient catalyst production, based on green synthetic routes, can be added to the concept of a circular economy. The synthesized ZnO particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2adsorption/desorption Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory. The XRD patterns indicated the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite phase with high purity and SEM and TEM analyses revealed the morphology of the particles. The apple extract produced spherical ZnONPs composed of round lamina-like structures, similar to the micro sized lamina-like shape of ZnOq and dissimilar to the flower-like shape of ZnO. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) led to a high product yield ofca. 96% within 24 h of reaction time in the transesterification reaction of different carboxylic esters.
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