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Paper
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have sufficient luminescence intensity for further evaluation.
For instance, the luminescence quantum yield of ff emission
was less than 1% of the Eu3+ ion in the film. Herein, the ligand
design was successful to obtain the film as well as strong lumi-
nescence through energy transfer from the ligand to Eu3+. The
LB film technique is a historical methodology,24 but this work
suggests new possibilities for the optical device or bioactive
membrane materials.
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Author contributions
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M. Hasegawa, M. Yamanaka, A. Ishii and K. Goto conceived and
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film formation, and most spectral and structural observations.
S. Ogata, S. Mizushima, S. Kanno, J. Tsuchiyagaito, K. Kondo,
T. Kondo, D. Iwasawa, H. Komiya and A. Saso, S. Kawaguchi
contributed to optimize the experiments at SPring-8. H. Takahashi
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Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts to declare.
7 V. I. Srdanov, M. R. Robinson, M. H. Bartl, X. Bu and
G. C. Bazan, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2002, 80, 3042.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge Prof. Mir Wais Hosseini (University of
Strasbourg) for helpful discussions. Professors Makoto Handa
and Michiko Egawa (Shimane University) also gave important
discussion. This work was partly supported by Grants-in-Aid for
Scientific Research on Innovative Areas of ‘‘Soft Crystals (Area
Number: 2903)’’ (No. 17H06374; MH and MY), MEXT Supported
Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private
Universities (2013-2017; MH), Network Joint Research Centre
for Materials and Devices (2018; MH) and a SOKEN Project
provided by Aoyama Gakuin University Research Institute
(2016–2017; MH). MH also thanks Izumi Science and Technol-
ogy Foundation for their financial support. AI acknowledges the
support of the FRONTIER project, JST PRESTO. The synchro-
tron radiation experiments were performed at the BL02B2 of
SPring-8 with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation
Research Institute (Proposal No. 2017A1648, 2017A1380, 2017B1268,
2016B1342, 2016B1706, 2016A1336, 2016A1333, 2014B1316,
2013B1776, 2013B1679, and 2013A1020).
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Anal., 2000, 43, 304; (b) A. Ishii, A. K. Jena and T. Miyasaka,
APL Mater., 2014, 2, 091102.
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