Please do not adjust margins
New Journal of Chemistry
Page 6 of 8
ARTICLE
Journal Name
4
5
Experimental details for detection of TNT
Preparation of test strips
Chemosphere, 2005, 58, 1153; (b) E. DEOtnI:i1e0r.,10R3Ve9ieg/wCu5Al.NrtiTJc0loe3xO0inc9loi3nlEe.
Pharmacol., 1989,
9, 147.
(a) A. Fainberg, Science, 1992, 255
,
1531; (b) L. A.
Test strips for solid state detection of TNT were prepared by
Pinnaduwage, A. Gehl, D. L. Hedden, G. Muralidharan, T.
Thundat, R. T. Lareau, T. Sulchek, L. Manning, B. Rogers, M.
Jones and J. D. Adams, Nature, 2003, 425, 474.
(a) M. Tam and H. H. Hill, Anal. Chem., 2004, 76, 2741; (b) M.
Najarro, M. E. D. Morris, M. E. Staymates, R. Fletcher and G.
Gillen, Analyst, 2012, 137, 2614.
(a) N. L. Sanders, S. Kothari, G. M. Huang, G. Salazar and R. G.
Cooks, Anal. Chem., 2010, 82, 5313; (b) Y. Zhang, X. X. Ma, S.
C. Zhang, C. D. Yang, Z. Ouyang and X. R. Zhang, Analyst,
2009, 134, 176.
K. Hakansson, R. V. Coorey, R. A. Zubarev, V. L. Talrose and P.
Hakansson, J. Mass Spectrom., 2000, 35, 337.
coating the solution of derivatives
4
(10-3 M) on Whatman
filter paper followed by the removal of solvent under vacuum.
These filter paper was then cut into 1cm×1cm dimensions,
which were used as test strips for various concentration of TNT
sensing.
6
7
1H NMR titrations
For NMR titrations, stock solution (600 µl of 10-2 M) of
derivative 4 was prepared in DMSO-d6:D2O (8:2, v/v). Similarly,
the stock solution of TNT (10 µl of 10-2 M) was prepared in
DMSO-d6.
8
9
R. D. Luggar, M. J. Farquharson, J. A. Horrocks and R. J. Lacey,
X-Ray Spectrom., 1998, 27, 87.
Quantitative Detection of TNT by Test strip
The required TNT solution (10 µl) of various concentrations
(10-3 to 10-15 M) in H2O:THF (9:1, v/v) were added level using a
glass micro-syringe over ~0.1 cm2 area to each strip and then
the solvent was allowed to evaporate. Then the fluorescence
was measured under 365 nm UV lamp.
10 D. S. Moore, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2004, 24, 2499.
11 (a) M. R. Leahy-Hoppa, M. J. X. Fitch, Zheng, L. M. Hayden
and R. Osiander, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2007, 434, 227; (b) W. H.
Fan, A. Burnett, P. C. Upadhya, J. Cunningham, E. H. Linfield
and A. G. Davies, Appl. Spectrosc., 2007, 61, 638.
12 (a) S. Kumar, N. Venkatramaiah and S. Patil J. Phys. Chem. C,
2013, 117, 7236; (b) T. Naddo, Y. Che, W. Zhang, K.
Balakrishnan, X. Yang, M. Yen, J. Zhao, J. S. Moore and L.
Zang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 6978; (c) S. J. Toal and W.
C. Trogler, J. Mater. Chem., 2006, 16, 2871.
Contact Mode Detection of TNT
Thin film of compound 4 was coated on a TLC plate and dried
under vacuum. Then solid TNT was put over the thin film and
quenching of fluorescence was measured under 365 nm UV
lamp.
13 (a) C. Zhang, Y. Che, X. Yang, B. R. Bunes and L. Zang, Chem.
Commun., 2010, 46, 5560; (b) M. Kumar, V. Vij, and V. Bhalla,
Langmuir, 2012, 28, 12417; (c) T. Naddo, Y. Che, W. Zang, K.
Balakrishnan, X. Yang, M. Yen, J. Zhao, J. S. Moore and L.
Zhang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 6978; (d) X. Wang, Y.
Experimental details of vapour phase sensing
For the vapour phase detection of nitroaromatic explosives,
the glass vial containing 3 ml of 10 µM solution of derivative 4
in H2O:THF (9:1, v/v) was inserted in other big vial containing 5
mg of TNT crystals at the base. The system was sealed so as to
obtain saturated vapour pressure at room temperature. The
fluorescent spectrum of the sample was then recorded after
every five minutes. For the vapour phase detection, the
solution coated glass slide with thin film was placed over the
vial containing TNT for 5 minutes. The area exposed to vapours
showed quenching of fluorescence which was clearly visible to
naked eye.
Guo, D. Li, H. Chen and R.-C. Sun, Chem. Commun., 2012, 48
,
5569; (e) S. Shanmugaraju, S. A. Joshi and P. S. Mukherjee, J.
Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 9130; (f) J. C. Sanchez and W. C.
Trogler, J. Mater. Chem., 2008, 3143; (g) D. C. Apodaca, R. B.
Pernites, F. R. D. Mundo and R. C. Advincula, Langmuir, 2011,
27, 6768; (h) S. W. Thomas, G. D. Joly and T. M. Swager,
Chem. Rev., 2007, 107, 1339; (i) A. Narayanan, O. P.
Varnavski, T. M. Swager and T. Goodson, J. Phys. Chem. C,
2008, 112, 881; (j) Y. Che, X. Yang, G. Liu, C. Yu, H. Ji, J. Zuo, J.
Zhao and L. Zang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 5743; (k) H.-
T. Feng, J.-H. Wang and Y.-S. Zheng, ACS Appl. Mater.
Interfaces, 2014,
6
, 20067; (l) X. Wu, H. Li, B. Xu, H. Tong and
4521; (m) N.
L. Wang, Polym. Chem., 2014,
5
,
Venkatramaiah, A. D. G. Firmino, F. A. A. Paz and J. P. C.
Tome, Chem. Commun., 2014, 50, 9683; (n) S. Pramanik, V.
Bhalla and M. Kumar, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2013, 793, 99.
Acknowledgements
V.B. is thankful to CSIR, New Delhi [ref.no. 02(0083)/12/EMR-
II] for financial support. We are also thankful to UGC, New
Delhi for providing the infrastructural facilities under the UPE
scheme and DRDO for TNT. HA and SP are thankful to CSIR and
UGC for senior research fellowship (SRF) respectively.
14 (a) B. Gole, A. K. Bar and P. S. Mukherjee, Chem. Eur. J., 2014,
20, 2276; (b) K. S. Bejoymohandas, T. M. George, S.
Bhattacharya, S. Natarajan and M. L. P. Reddy, J. Mater.
Chem. C, 2014, 2, 515; (c) W. Si, W. Lei, Z. Han, Q. Hao, Y.
Zhang and M. Xia, Sensors and Actuators B, 2014, 199, 154;
(d) K. Zhang, L. Yang, H. Zhu, F. Ma, Z. Zhanga and S. Wang,
Analyst, 2014, 139, 2379.
15 (a) X. Wang, Y. Guo, D. Li and R. C. Sun, Chem. Commun.,
2012, 48, 5569; (b) Y. H. Lee, H. Liu, J. Y. Lee, S. H. Kim, S. K.
Kim, J. L. Sessler, Y. Kim and J. S. Kim, Chem.–Eur. J., 2010,
16, 5895.
Notes and references
1
(a) Y. Hong, J. W. Y. Lam and B. Z. Tang, Chem. Soc. Rev.,
2011, 40, 5361; (b) R. A. Maureen, C & EN News 1997, March
10, 14.
16 (a) N. Venkatramaiah, A. D. G. Firmino, F. A. Almeida Paz and
J. P. C. Tome, Chem. Commun., 2014, 50, 9683; (b) P.
Beyazkilic, A. Yildirim and M. Bayindir, ACS Appl. Mater.
2
3
J. Yinontrends, Anal. Chem., 2002, 21, 292.
Interfaces, 2014, 6, 4997; (c) G. He, N. Yan, J. Yang, H. Wang,
Toxicological profile for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health
Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
L. Ding, S. Yin and Y. Fang, Macromolecules 2011, 44, 4759.
(d) K. K. Kartha, S. S. Babu, S. Srinivasan and A. Ajayaghosh, J.
Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 4834; (e) X. Yang, J. Wang, D. Su,
6 | J. Name., 2012, 00, 1-3
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 20xx
Please do not adjust margins