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by the 3,6-carbazole groups. Thus, the possibility of
improved polyfluorene materials and luminescence prop-
erties through copolymerization with various carbazole
partners has been illustrated. Incorporation of 9-aryl-
carbazole group in the PF structure can provide a good
route in improving the energy level mismatch between
the anode and PFs. Future work will focus on improving
device efficiency and lifetime by optimizing device
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Acknowledgment. W.-Y.W. thanks the Hong Kong
Research Grants Council (Grant HKBU 2022/03P) and
the Hong Kong Baptist University (FRG/01-02/II-48) for
financial support. L.M.L. acknowledges the financial
support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council
(Grant HKBU 2037/02P). We also thank Miss Suk-Yue
Poon for her assistance on the electrochemical measure-
ments.
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Supporting Information Available: Preparations of
9-arylcarbazole derivatives, selected NMR spectra, absorption
spectra, unannealed and annealed thin-film PL spectra, and
other electroluminescent properties of the copolymers. This
material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://
pubs.acs.org.
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