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be 8.5 h. From the upper limit of the reaction with ozone
ðkO < 1 · 10ꢂ17 cm3 molecule sꢂ1), and [O3] = 7 · 1011
3
molecule cmꢂ3 (Logan, 1985), we have estimated sO
>
Golab, T., Althaus, W.A., Wooten, H.L., 1979. Fate of 14C trifluralin in
soil. J. Agr. Food Chem. 27, 163–179.
3
40 h. Using the measured mean photolysis rate of
Jtrifluralin = 1.2 · 10ꢂ3 sꢂ1, the lifetime towards the photoly-
sis is about 15 min at ground level (typically for conditions
similar to those under which these experiments were con-
ducted). Therefore, it has been concluded that the tropo-
spheric degradation of trifluralin is mainly controled by
photolysis with a non negligible contribution of HOÅ
reaction.
The atmospheric loss of trifluralin through wet chemis-
try in hydrometers and in soils are also significant as
reported in earlier studies. Hence, it is important to con-
sider all sinks of trifluralin as well as its oxidation products
in assessing the tropospheric impact of this widely used
pesticide. In addition, both degradation processes of triflu-
ralin (photolysis under sunlight conditions and reaction
with HOÅ radicals) have been found to generate organic
aerosols with a non negligible yield. However, the mecha-
nism leading to the formation of the observed aerosols is
not clear. Therefore, further work is needed to complete
the understanding of the chemical pathways of the degra-
dation of trifluralin and similar compounds under atmo-
spheric conditions.
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Leitis, E., Crosby, D.G., 1974. Photodecomposition of trifluralin. J. Agr.
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Acknowledgements
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`
Financial support was provided by the French Ministere
de l’Ecologie et du De´veloppement Durable (MEDD)
through the PACT project within Pesticides programme.
Sauret, N., Millet, M., Herckes, P., Mirabel, P., Wortham, H., 2000.
Analytical method using gas chromatography and ion trap tandem
mass spectrometry for the determination of S-triazines and their
metabolites in the atmosphere. Environ. Pollut. 110, 243–252.
Siese, M., Becker, K.H., Brockmann, K.J., Geiger, H., Hofzumahaus, A.,
Holland, F., Mihelcic, D., Wirtz, K., 2001. Direct measurement of OH
radicals from ozonolysis of selected alkenes: a EUPHORE simulation
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J.E., 1975. Occurrence of trifluralin and its photoproducts in air. J.
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