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CONCLUSION
Nisin hydrophobic side shows a more tendency to attach to
a hydrophilic substrate and its hydrophilic side represents a
further tendency towards a hydrophilic substrate [56]. This
property provides a simple efficient option for enhancing nisin
incorporation into polymeric nanoparticles. Its incorporation
into polymer particles provides better protection of active
substances like nisin and their sustained release [52]. Nisin is
decomposed by proteases in the digestive system, while it is
unstable at physiological pH. Thus, its application to clinical
practice would be difficult. This was the first study to report the
cytotoxic effects of nisin and its encapsulated forms on the
gastrointestinal, hepatic, and K562 cell lines. Accordingly,
application of nisin as a harmless peptide for anti-tumor
purposes can be promising in the future. In addition to its
reduced IC50 values when it is encapsulated with biocompatible
polymeric nanoparticles and decreased doses, nisin could herald 10. Bedg D, Bundale S, Mashitha P, Rudra J, Nashikkar N,
Upadhyay A. Immunomodulatory efficacy of nisin—a bacterial
lantibiotic peptide. J Pept Sci. 2011;17:438–44.
the emergence of a new generation of anti-cancer drugs with
minimal side effects in comparison with the conventional
11. Shin JM, Gwak JW, Kamarajan P, Fenno JC, Rickard AH,
chemotherapeutic agents. Based on this study, we can conclude
Kapila YL. Biomedical applications of nisin. J Appl Microbiol.
that the synthesized PLA-PEG-PLA polymeric nanoparticles
are biocompatible and capable of forming nanosized micelles to
transfer peptide drugs. Hence, it can be used as a good candidate
for transporting such drugs in the release systems. Taking into
consideration all the concentrations obtained by the laboratory
studies in this research, more investigations are required to
probably generalize them to those usable in clinical trials.
Nonetheless, further research on nisin and its encapsulated
forms, especially on animal tumor models, is needed to
determine their anti-tumor activities and approved applications
in cancer chemotherapy in vivo.
12. Shin JM, Ateia I, Paulus JR, Liu H, Fenno JC, Rickard AH,
et al. Antimicrobial nisin acts against saliva derived multi-
species biofilms without cytotoxicity to human oral cells. Front
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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This work was supported by funding from University of
Mohaghegh Ardabili and we are greatly appreciated of
Ardabil University of Medical Science and University of
Tehran for support this reasearch.
COMPLIANCE WITH ETHICAL STANDARDS
Conflict of Interest All authors have read and approved this
version of the article and we have no conflicts of interest.
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the management of advanced gastric cancer. Ann Oncol.
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