Paper
RSC Advances
20 C. J. Wang, R. L. Thompson, P. Ohodnicki, J. Baltrus and
C. Matranga, J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 13452–13457.
21 S. Qin, F. Xin, Y. Liu, X. Yin and W. J. Ma, J. Colloid Interface
Sci., 2011, 356, 257–261.
22 Q. D. Truong, J. Y. Liu, C. C. Chunq and Y. C. Ling, Catal.
Commun., 2011, 19, 85–89.
23 P. Zhou, J. G. Yu and M. Jaronniec, Adv. Mater., 2014, 26,
4920–4935.
24 H. Tada, T. Mitsui, T. Kiyonaga, T. Akita and K. Tanaka, Nat.
Mater., 2006, 5, 782–786.
Acknowledgements
This work was nancially supported by the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (no. 51172109), the Fundamental
Research Funds for the Central Universities (no. NS2014057),
Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education
(no. CXLX12_0148), and the Fundamental Research Funds for
the Central Universities. This work is also supported by KFUPM
through project # RG1011-1/2.
25 H. Lin, J. Cao, B. Luo, B. Xu and S. Chen, Catal. Commun.,
2012, 21, 91–95.
26 Z. B. Yu, Y. P. Xie, G. Liu, G. Q. Lu, X. L. Ma and H. M. Cheng,
J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 2773–2776.
27 J. G. Yu, S. H. Wang, J. X. Low and X. Wei, Phys. Chem. Chem.
Phys., 2013, 15, 16883–16890.
Notes and references
1 C. J. Wang, O. Ranasingha, S. Natesakhawat,
P. R. Ohodnicki, M. Andio, J. P. Lewis and C. Matranga,
Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 6968–6974.
2 F. C. Meunier, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2011, 50, 4053–4054.
3 Y. S. Chaudhary, T. W. Woolerton, C. S. Allen, J. H. Warner,
E. Pierce, S. W. Ragsdale and F. A. Armstrong, Chem.
Commun., 2012, 48, 58–60.
4 S. C. Yan, S. X. Ouyang, J. Gao, M. Yang, J. Y. Feng, X. X. Fan,
L. J. Wan, Z. S. Li, J. H. Ye, Y. Zhou and Z. G. Zou, Angew.
Chem., Int. Ed., 2010, 49, 6400–6404.
5 Q. Liu, Y. Zhou, J. H. Kou, X. Y. Chen, Z. P. Tian, J. Gao,
S. C. Yan and Z. G. Zou, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132,
14385–14387.
28 M. Miyauchi, Y. Nukui, D. Atarashi and E. Skai, ACS Appl.
Mater. Interfaces, 2013, 5, 9770–9776.
29 Y. C. Wang, J. Tang, Z. Peng, Y. H. Wang, D. S. Jia, B. Kong,
A. A. Elzatahry, D. Y. Zhao and G. F. Zheng, Nano Lett., 2014,
14, 3668–3673.
30 M. W. Shao, L. Cheng, X. H. Zhang, D. D. D. Ma and S. T. Lee,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131, 17738–17739.
31 N. Megouda, Y. Coninier, S. Szunerits, T. Hadjersi,
O. ElKechai and R. Boukherroub, Chem. Commun., 2011,
47, 991–993.
6 N. Zhang, S. X. Ouyang, T. Kako and J. H. Ye, Chem.
Commun., 2012, 48, 1269–1271.
32 Y. J. Hwang, A. Boukai and P. D. Yang, Nano Lett., 2009, 9,
410–415.
7 P. Q. Wang, Y. Bai, P. Y. Luo and J. Y. Liu, Catal. Commun.,
2013, 38, 82–85.
33 J. Shi and X. D. Wang, Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5, 7918–
7922.
8 T. Wang, X. G. Meng, P. Li, S. X. Ouyang, K. Chang, G. G. Liu,
Z. W. Mei and J. H. Ye, Nano Energy, 2014, 9, 50–60.
9 S. S. Tan, L. Zou and E. Hu, Catal. Today, 2006, 115, 269–273.
10 O. Ozcan, F. Yukruk, E. U. Akkaya and D. Uner, Top. Catal.,
2007, 44, 523–528.
34 Q. D. Wu, D. Z. Li, Z. X. Chen and X. Z. Fu, Photochem.
Photobiol. Sci., 2006, 5, 653–655.
35 C. Liu, J. Y. Tang, M. Chen, B. Liu and P. D. Yang, Nano Lett.,
2013, 13, 2989–2992.
¨
36 W. Stober, A. Fink and E. J. Bohn, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,
11 K. R. Thampi, J. Kiwi and M. Graetzel, Nature, 1987, 327,
506–508.
12 A. L. Linsebigler, G. Q. Lu and J. T. Yates, Chem. Rev., 1995,
95, 735–758.
1968, 26, 62–69.
37 M. A. Gondal, M. A. Ali, X. F. Chang, K. Shen, Q. Y. Xu and
Z. H. Yamani, J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A, 2012, 47, 1571–
1576.
13 S. T. Hussain, K. Khan and R. Hussain, J. Nat. Gas Chem.,
2009, 18, 383–391.
14 O. K. Varghese, M. Paulose, T. J. Latempa and C. A. Grimes,
Nano Lett., 2009, 9, 731–737.
38 X. F. Chang, J. Huang, C. Cheng, Q. Sui, W. Sha, G. B. Ji,
S. B. Deng and G. Yu, Catal. Commun., 2010, 11, 460–464.
39 D. R. Lide, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press,
Florida, 87th edn, 2006–2007.
15 J. G. Yu, G. P. Dai, Q. J. Xiang and M. Jaroniec, J. Mater.
Chem., 2011, 21, 1049–1057.
40 S. Suzuki, T. Tsuneda and K. Hirao, J. Chem. Phys., 2012, 136,
024706.
16 K. Koci, L. Matejova, L. Obalova, S. Krejckov, Z. Lacny,
D. Placha, L. Capek, A. Hospodkovad and O. Solcova, Appl.
Catal., B, 2010, 96, 239–244.
41 C. Y. Wang, J. Rabani, D. W. Bahnemanna and
J. K. Dohrmann, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A, 2002, 148,
169–176.
17 W. B. Hou, W. H. Hung, P. Pavaskar, A. Goeppert, M. Aykol
and S. B. Cronin, ACS Catal., 2011, 1, 929–936.
18 K. P. Yu, W. Y. Yu, M. C. Kuo, Y. C. Liou and S. H. Chien,
Appl. Catal., B, 2008, 84, 112–118.
19 Y. Li, W. N. Wang, Z. Zhan, M. H. Woo, C. Y. Wu and
P. Biswas, Appl. Catal., B, 2010, 100, 386–392.
¨
42 N. Schuler, K. Hecht, M. Kraut and R. Dittmeyer, J. Chem.
Eng. Data, 2012, 57, 2304–2308.
43 L. Q. Jing, Y. C. Qu, B. Q. Wang, S. D. Li, B. J. Jiang,
L. B. Yang, W. Fu, H. G. Fu and J. Z. Sun, Sol. Energy
Mater. Sol. Cells, 2006, 90, 1773–1787.
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014
RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 56961–56969 | 56969