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The prepared composite-supported noble metal catalysts
were found to be active and selective for the hydrogenation
of 2,3-butanedione. The following order of activity was
obtained: Pd [ Pt [ Ru. The differences in activity during
the hydrogenation of DC between the composite catalysts
could be partly attributed to differences in the electronic
density of the external d orbital of each metal that promotes
the dissociative chemisorption of hydrogen. This cleavage
is more easily performed on the metal with the highest
amount of electrons in the external d orbital (Pd) and more
difficultly on the metal with the smallest number of
d electrons (Ru).
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Palladium, platinum and ruthenium catalysts with low
metal loading displayed high selectivity values ([75%), the
order of selectivity to AC being Pd [ Ru [ Pt. The high
selectivity to the intermediate product could be partly
related to the preferential location of the metal particles
near the catalyst surface. Diffusion into long pores could
lead to overhydrogenation of DC.
8
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Higher values of catalytic activity and selectivity to AC
were got when supporting the metal over the BTAl support.
These results could be related to a different surface con-
centration of basic Lewis sites remaining after the poly-
merization step. The basic groups would be amides in the
case of the UTAl support and aromatic nuclei in the case of
BTAl. These groups would interact with the metal pre-
cursor species during impregnation and would influence the
final distribution of metal particle sizes. After reducing at
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03 K different metal species will be present and different
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chlorine levels.
The most active and selective catalyst was Pd-BTAl
related to electronic effects of both palladium and the
support.
Composite BTAl and UTAl supports proved to have
excellent mechanical properties, even better than those of
commercial c-Al O , a-Al O and carbon. Both supports
displayed a higher resistance to diametral and longitudinal
compression and to attrition. The improved properties were
attributed to the intimate contact between the organic and
inorganic phase. According to the MO and TEM images
the polymer phase surrounds the alumina particles and
increases their resistance.
2
3
2 3
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Acknowledgements We thank CONICET, ANPCyT and UNL for
the financial assistance of this work (Grants PIP 112-201101-00410
and 112-201301-00457, PICT and CAI ? D).
Nakamura K, Kondo S, Kawai Y, Hida K, Kitano K, Ohno A (1996)
Enantio- and regioselective reduction of alfa-diketones by
Baker’s yeast. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 7:409–412
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