J Surfact Deterg
University, Chandigarh for the mass spectral analysis of the
compounds.
22. Khan AAP, Mohd A, Bano S, Siddiqi KS (2011) Kinetics and
mechanism of oxidation of D-penicillamine by potassium hexa-
cyanoferrate(III) ions in aqueous solution in the presence of
sodium dodecyl sulphate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.
J Dispers Sci Technol 32:717–723
23. Viscardi G, Quagliotto P, Barolo C, Savarino P, Barni E, Fisicaro
E (2000) Gemini pyridinium surfactants synthesis and conduc-
tometric study of novel class of amphiphiles. J Org Chem
65:8197–8203
24. Rodrguez A, Graciani MM, Moya ML (2007) Effects of ethylene
glycol addition on the aggregation and micellar growth of cat-
ionic dimeric surfactants. Langmuir 23:11496–15505
25. Rosen MJ, Mathias JH, Davenport L (1999) Aberrant aggregation
behavior in cationic Gemini surfactants investigated by surface
tension, interfacial tension, and fluorescence methods. Langmuir
15:7340–7346
26. Quagliotto P, Viscardi G, Barolo C, Barni E, Bellinvia S, Fisicaro
E, Compari C (2003) Gemini pyridinium surfactants synthesis
and conductometric study of novel class of amphiphiles. J Org
Chem 68:7651–7660
27. Rosen MJ (2004) Surfactants and interfacial phenomena, 2nd
edn. Wiley, New Jersey 25
References
1. Zana R (2002) Preparation and properties of new ester-linked
cleavable Gemini surfactants. Adv Colloid Interface Sci
97:203–207
2. Tehrani-Bagha AR, Holmberg K (2007) Reactions and synthesis
in surfactant system. J Colloid Interface Sci 12:81–84
3. Zhang J, Zheng Y, Yu P, He L, Wang R (2010) Synthesis,
characterization and surface activity of a polyoxyethylene ether
trimeric quaternary ammonium surfactant.
13:155–158
4. Cross J, Singer EJ (1994) Cationic surfactants: analytical and
biological evaluation. Marcel Dekker, New York
5. Huber L, Nitschke L, Holmberg K (2002) Environmental aspects
of surfactants. In: Holmberg K, Shah DO, Schwuger MJ (eds)
Handbook of applied surface and colloid chemistry, Wiley
Chichester, UK 1:509–516
6. Nowicki J (2010) Emulsion properties and phase equilibrium of
new asymmetric Gemini surfactants consisting of fatty acids ester
of polyethoxylated alcohol or phenol. J Surf Deterg 13:195–199
7. Rosen MJ (1991) Geminis: a new generation of surfactants.
Chem Tech 21:23–27
J Surf Deterg
28. Rosen MJ (1989) Surfactants and interfacial phenomena, 2nd
edn. Wiley, New York 16
29. Anouti M, Jones J, Boisset A, Jacquemin J, Caillon-Caravanier
M, Lemordant D (2009) Aggregation behavior in water of new
imidazolium and pyrrolidinium alky carboxylates protic ionic
liquids. J Colloid Interface Sci 340:104–111
8. Menger FM, Littau CA (1993) Gemini surfactants, a new class of
self-assembling molecule. J Am Chem Soc 115:1083–1090
9. Azzam EMS (2001) Effect of alkyl groups in anionic surfactants
on solution properties of anionic-nonionic surfactant system.
J Surf Deterg 4:293–296
10. Zana R (2002) Dimeric and oligomeric surfactants, behaviour at
interfaces and in aqueous solution a review. J Colloid Interface
Sci 97:205–253
11. Al-Sabagh AM, Azzam EMS, Mahmoud SA, Sulah NEA (2007)
Synthesis of ethoxylated alkyl sulfosuccinate surfactant and
investigation of mixed solutions. J Surf Deterg 10:3–8
12. Bunton CA, Robinson L, Schaak J, Stam MF (1971) Catalysis of
nucleophilic substitution by micelles of dicationic detergents.
J Org Chem 36:2346–2350
13. Devinsky F, Masarova L, Lacko I (1985) Surface activity and
micelle formation of some new bis quaternary ammonium salts.
J Colloid Interface Sci 105:235–239
30. Song LD, Rosen MJ (1996) Surface properties, micellization and
premicellar aggregation of Gemini surfactants with rigid and
flexible spacer. Langmuir 12:1149–1153
31. Verma SK, Gosh KK (2011) Micellar and surface properties of
some monomeric surfactants and a cationic Gemini surfactant.
J Surf Deterg 14:347–352
32. Bhadani A, Singh S (2011) Synthesis and properties of thioether
spacer containing Gemini imidazolium surfactants. Langmuir
27:14033–14044
33. Tsubone K, Arakawa Y, Rosen MJ (2003) Structural effects on
surface and micellar properties of alkanediyl-a,x-bis(sodium N-
acyl-b-alaninate) Gemini surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci
262:516–524
34. Yeshimua T, Bong M, Matsuoka K, Honda C, Endo K (2009)
Surface properties and aggregate morphology of partially fluori-
nated carboxylate-type anionic Gemini surfactants. J Colloid
Interface Sci 339:230–235
14. Devinsky F, Lacko I, Bitterova F, Tomeckova L (1986) Rela-
tionship between structure, surface activity and micelle formation
of some new bis quaternary isoesters of 1,5-pentane diammonium
dibromides. J Colloid Interface Sci 114:314–322
35. Fredlake CP, Crosthwaite JP, Hert DG, Aki SNVK, Brennecke JF
(2004) Thermophysical properties of imidazolium-based ionic
liquids. J Chem Eng Data 49:954–964
15. Zana R, Xia J (2004) Gemini surfactants. Marcel Dekker, New
York, pp 301–302
16. Torregrosa R, Pastor MI, Yus M (2007) Solvent free direct reg-
ioselective ring opening of epoxides with imidazoles. Tetrahe-
dron 63:469–473
Pankaj Patial obtained his M.Sc. degree in industrial chemistry in
2008 from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. He is
currently working on his Ph.D. in the field of surfactant chemistry
from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
17. Rodrguez A, Graciani MM, Moya ML (2007) Effects of ethylene
glycol addition on the aggregation and micellar growth of cat-
ionic dimeric surfactants. Langmuir 23:11496–15505
18. Barreleiro PA, Lindman B (2003) The kinetics of DNA–cationic
vesicle complex formation. J Phys Chem B 107:6208–6213
19. Rosen MJ (2004) Surfactants and interfacial phenomena, 3rd edn.
John Wiley, New Jersey 21
20. (1995) Bailey’s industrial oil and fat products, vol 5, 5th edn.
John Wiley, New York
21. Patial P, Shaheen A, Ahmad I (2013) Synthesis of ester based
cationic gemini surfactants and appraisal of their surface active
properties. J Surf Deterg 16:49–56
Arifa Shaheen obtained her Ph.D. degree in analytical chemistry in
2009 from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. She is
currently working as an assistant professor at the Department of
Applied Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.
Ishtiaque Ahmad obtained his Ph.D. degree in organic chemistry in
1979 from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He retired in
2010 as a Professor in Chemistry from Guru Nanak Dev University,
Amritsar, India.
123