702
E. J. Lloyd-Davies, T. J. Ponman and D. B. Cannon
È
Ebeling H., Voges W., Bohringer H., Edge A. C., Huchra J. P., Briel U. G.,
of groups and clusters, by tracing the abundance of iron and alpha
elements, leads to the conclusion that SNIa provide a significant
contribution to the iron abundance, particularly in galaxy groups.
The supernova energy associated with the observed metal masses
by Finoguenov & Ponman (2000) are in good agreement with the
energy of ,0.4 keV per particle derived above on the basis of the
observed energy excesses. This is also similar to the pre-heating
involved in the models of Cavaliere et al. (1997, 1999) and Balogh
et al. (1999), supporting the idea that the similarity breaking we
see in the intracluster gas does result from pre-heating associated
with galaxy formation.
1996, MNRAS, 281, 799
È
Ebeling H., Edge A. C., Bohringer H., Allen S. W., Crawford C. S., Fabian
A. C., Voges W., Huchra J. P., 1998, MNRAS, 301, 881
Eke P. A., Navarro J. F., Frenk C. S., 1998, ApJ, 503, 569
Ettori S., Fabian A. C., 1999, MNRAS, 305, 837
Eyles C. J., Watt M. P., Bertram D., Church M. J., Ponman T. J., Skinner
G. K., Willmore A. P., 1991, ApJ, 376, 23
Fabricant D., Rybicki G., Gorenstein P., 1984, ApJ, 286, 186
Finoguenov A., Ponman T. J., 1999, MNRAS, 305, 325
Finoguenov A., David L. P., Ponman T. J., 2000 (astro-ph/9908150)
Fukazawa Y., Makishim K., Tamura T., Ezawa H., Xu H., Ikebe Y.,
Kikuchi K., Ohashi T., 1998, PASJ, 50, 187
With the forthcoming availability of data from Chandra and
XMM, much more detailed studies of the abundance and entropy
distributions of galaxy systems will become possible. This will
allow deviations from mean trends to be studied in detail. Since
galaxy winds will inject both energy and metals, whereas
processes such as ram pressure stripping will lead to metal
enrichment without heating, studies with these new X-ray obser-
vatories should throw a great deal of light on the evolutionary
history of galactic systems and the galaxies they contain.
Girardi M., Fadda D., Escalera E., Giuricin G., Mardirossian F., Mezzetti
M., 1997, ApJ, 490, 56
Heckman T. M., Armus L., Miley G. K., 1990, ApJS, 74, 833
Helsdon S. F., Ponman T. J., 2000 (astro-ph/0002051)
Holland J. H., 1975, Adaption in Natural and Artifical Systems. University
of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor
Jones C., Forman W., 1984, ApJ, 276, 38
Jones C., Forman W., 1999, ApJ, 511, 65
Knight P. A., Ponman T. J., 1997, MNRAS, 289, 955
È
Komossa S., Bohringer H., 1999, A&A, 344, 755
McHardy I. M., Stewart G. C., Edge A. C., Cooke B., Yamashita K.,
Hatsukade I., 1990, MNRAS, 242, 215
ACK NOWL E DGM ENT S
Markevitch M., 1996, ApJ, 465, L1
We thank Peter Bourner for his contribution to the preliminary
data analysis, and the referee for a number of useful suggestions.
Discussions with Richard Bower, Mike Balogh, Alfonso Cavaliere
and Kelvin Wu have helped to clarify the relationship between the
observations and pre-heating models. This work made use of the
Starlink facilities at Birmingham, the LEDAS data base at
Leicester and the HEASARC data base at the Goddard Space
Flight Centre. EJLD acknowledges the receipt of a PPARC
studentship.
Markevitch M., 1998, ApJ, 504, 27
Metzler C. A., Evrard A. E., 1994, ApJ, 437, 564
Metzler C. A., Evrard A. E., 2000 (astro-ph/9710324)
Mewe R., Lemen J. R., van den Oord G., 1986, A&A, 65, 511
Mohr J. J., Mathiesen B., Evrard A. E., 1999, ApJ, 517, 627
Mushotzky R. F., Loewenstein M., 1997, ApJ, 481, L63
Mushotzky R. F., Scharf C. A., 1997, ApJ, 482, L13
Navarro J. F., Frenk C. S., White S. D. M., 1995, MNRAS, 275, 720
Peres C. B., Fabian A. C., Edge A. C., Allen S., Johnstone R. M., White
D. A., 1998, MNRAS, 298, 416
Ponman T. J., Bertram D., 1993, Nat, 363, 51
È
Ponman T. J., Bourner P. D. J., Ebeling H., Bohringer H., 1996, MNRAS,
283, 690
REFER ENC ES
Ponman T. J., Cannon D. B., Navarro J. F., 1999, Nat, 397, 135
Renzini A., Ciotti L., D'Ercole A., Pellegrini S., 1993, ApJ, 419, 52
Sakai S., Giovanelli R., Wegner G., 1994, AJ, 108, 33
Suchkov A. A., Balsara D. S., Heckman T. M., Leitherer C., 1994, ApJ,
430, 511
Allen S. W., Fabian A. C., 1998, MNRAS, 297, L57
Arnaud M., Evrard A. E., 1999, MNRAS, 305, 631
Balogh M. L., Babul A., Patton D. R., 1999, MNRAS, 307, 463
Beers T. C., Gebhardt K., Huchra J. P., Forman W., Jones C., Bothun G. D.,
1992, ApJ, 400, 410
Takahashi T., Markevitch M., Fukazawa Y., Ikebe Y., Ishisaki Y., Kikuchi
K., Makishima K., Tawara Y., 1995, ASCA News, 3, 34
Tegmark M., Silk J., Evrard A., 1993, ApJ, 417, 54
Bevington P. R., 1969, Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical
Sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York
Burles S., Nollett K. M., Truran J. N., Turner M. S., 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett.,
82, 4176
Â
Tenorio-Tagle G., MunÄoz TunÄon C., 1997, ApJ, 478, 134
Tozzi P., Norman C., 2000 (astro-ph/9905046)
Butcher J. A., 1991, PhD thesis, Univ. Cambridge
Cavaliere A., Menci N., Tozzi P., 1997, ApJ, 484, L21
Cavaliere A., Menci N., Tozzi P., 1999, MNRAS, 308, 599
David L. P., Forman W., Jones C., 1991, ApJ, 380, 39
David L. P., Slyz A., Jones C., Forman W., Vrtilek S. D., Arnaud K. A.,
1993, ApJ, 412, 479
Valageas P., Silk J., 1999, A&A, 347, 1
White D. A., Jones C., Forman W., 1997, MNRAS, 292, 419
White R. E., 1991, ApJ, 367, 69
Wu K. K. S., Fabian A. C., Nulsen P. E. J., 1998, MNRAS, 301, L20
Wu K. K. S., Fabian A. C., Nulsen P. E. J., 2000 (astro-ph/9907112)
David L. P., Jones C., Forman W., 1994, ApJ, 428, 544
David L. P., Jones C., Forman W., 1996, ApJ, 473, 692
A
This paper has been typeset from a T X/LT X file prepared by the author.
E
E
q 2000 RAS, MNRAS 315, 689±702