RSC Advances
Paper
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longer. So the viscosity at 25 C is higher than that at 45 C
5 P. Dalhaimer, A. J. Engler, R. Parthasarathy and
D. E. Discher, Biomacromolecules, 2004, 5, 1714–1719.
6 Y. Liu, P. G. Jessop, M. Cunningham, C. A. Eckert and
C. L. Liotta, Science, 2006, 313, 958–960.
7 Y. Lin, Y. Zhang, Y. Qiao, J. Huang and B. Xu, J. Colloid
Interface Sci., 2011, 362, 430–438.
8 M. Schmittel, M. Lal, K. Graf, G. Jeschke, I. Suske and
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9 X. Hao, H. Liu, Y. Xie, C. Fang and H. Yang, Colloid Polym.
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according to this law, due to the Newtonian plateau of 25 C is
shorter than that at 45 C. However, the inuence of tempera-
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ture on EMAA solubility is little, so the surfactant has an
excellent potential application at various temperatures.
As shown in Fig. 8b, the comparison is evident that the
viscosity of potassium EMAA is 3 orders of magnitude higher
than that of potassium oleate, and the values are 2941 Pa s and
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ꢂ3
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1
.09 Pa s at 25 C; 4.0 Pa s and 2.0 ꢄ 10 Pa s at 90 C respec-
tively. EMAA has more prominent rheological property than the
latter, indicating the former has better prospect in industrial and 10 T. S. Davies, A. M. Ketner and S. R. Raghavan, J. Am. Chem.
daily life application. Of course, these may be due to potassium Soc., 2006, 128, 6669–6675.
EMAA has longer hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain. The length of 11 A. M. Ketner, R. Kumar, T. S. Davies, P. W. Elder and
surfactant tails has important inuence on the rheological S. R. Raghavan, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 1553–1559.
properties of their solutions. However, the longer hydrocarbon 12 D. Wang, R. Dong, P. Long and J. Hao, So Matter, 2011, 7,
chain may result in poor solubility in water. Compared with other 10713–10719.
surfactant of same kind, the property of dissolving in water easily 13 N. Vlachy, C. Merle, D. Touraud, J. Schmidt, Y. Talmon,
is an important advantage in practical application.
J. Heilmann and W. Kunz, Langmuir, 2008, 24, 9983–
988.
4 Z. Chu, Y. Feng, X. Su and Y. Han, Langmuir, 2010, 26, 7783–
791.
9
1
Conclusion
7
In conclusion, a new C22 tailed sarcosinate anionic surfactant, 15 Y. Zhang, Y. Han, Z. Chu, S. He, J. Zhang and Y. Feng,
-(N-erucacyl-N-methyl amido) acetate (EMAA), has been J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2013, 394, 319–328.
synthesized by use of the erucic acid and a hydrotrope—sarco- 16 Y. Han, Z. Chu, H. Sun, Z. Li and Y. Feng, RSC Adv., 2012, 2,
sine. Unlike the common method, which blends the hydrotrope 3396–3402.
with surfactant physically, the hydrotrope here has been intro- 17 J. G. Weers, J. F. Rathman, F. U. Axe, C. A. Crichlow,
2
duced into the anionic surfactant through a simple synthetic
method. The resultant C22 tailed anionic surfactant shows
L. D. Foland, D. R. Scheuing, R. J. Wiersema and
A. G. Zielske, Langmuir, 1991, 7, 854–867.
expected high performance, i.e., high surface activity, pH- 18 X. Domingo, in Amphoteric Surfactants, ed. E. G. Lomax,
controllable MVT, excellent rheological property and good Marcel Dekker, New York, 2nd edn, 1996, p. 75.
temperature resistance. Furthermore, the C22 tailed anionic 19 Y. Zhang, Y. Luo, Y. Wang, J. Zhang and Y. Feng, Colloids
surfactant shows unusual excellent water solubility despite the Surf., A, 2013, 436, 71–79.
ultra-long alkyl chain (C22). Thus, a simple strategy is proposed 20 Y. Han, Y. Feng, H. Sun, Z. Li, Y. Han and H. Wang, J. Phys.
to design and fabricate high-performance surfactant by
Chem. B, 2011, 115, 6893–6902.
combination of the surfactant and the hydrotrope, which will 21 M. B. Dowling, J.-H. Lee and S. R. Raghavan, Langmuir, 2009,
lead to the multiplied effects, that is to say, contributing to the 25, 8519–8525.
practical application of surfactant, and providing a universal 22 H. Yin, Z. Zhou, J. Huang, R. Zheng and Y. Zhang, Angew.
strategy for designing high-performance material.
Chem., 2003, 115, 2238–2241.
23 X. Hao, H. Liu, Z. Lu, Y. Xie and H. Yang, J. Mater. Chem. A,
2
013, 1, 6920–6927.
Acknowledgements
2
4 M. B. Dowling, J. H. Lee and S. R. Raghavan, Langmuir, 2009,
25, 8519–8525.
This work was supported by the Science and Technology Inno-
vation Fund of CNPC (2011A-1001), the National Natural Science 25 F. Bautista, J. Soltero, E. Mac ´ı as, J. Puig and O. Manero,
Foundation of China (Grant no. 51273189), Petro China Innova- J. Phys. Chem. B, 2002, 106, 13018–13026.
tion Foundation (2012D-5006-0202); and China Postdoctoral 26 H. Takahashi, Y. Nakayama, H. Hori, K. Kihara,
Science Foundation funded project (no. 2013M531513).
H. Okabayashi and M. Okuyama, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,
976, 54, 102–107.
7 E. Oshimura, Y. Yamashita and K. Sakamoto, J. Oleo Sci.,
007, 56, 115–121.
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