Study on the Structure of Cu/ZrO Catalyst and the Formation Mechanism of Disodium…
2
glycolaldehyde is oxidized to form the glycolic acid and
oxalic acid intermediate byproducts [6, 42]. The formation
mechanism is shown in Fig. 12.
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4
5
6
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.
.
.
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4
Conclusion
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In this paper, Cu/ZrO catalysts were rapidly prepared by
2
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hydrazine hydrate reduction at a moderate temperature from
CuO/ZrO precursors. The catalysts could also be used in
2
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the oxidative dehydrogenation of diethanolamine to pre-
pare disodium iminodiacetic acid. Adding more hydrazine
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0
hydrate in the preparation increased the Cu content in Cu/
1
0. Nagaiah P, Venkat Rao M, Thirupathaiah K, Venkateshwarlu
V, David Raju B, Rama Rao KS (2018) Res Chem Intermed
44:5817–5831
ZrO , but the yield of sodium iminodiacetate synthesized
2
0
via diethanolamine dehydrogenation increased with the Cu
0
+
content in the catalysts. When the Cu /Cu ratio is approxi-
mately 1:0.9, the highest catalyst activity was observed. The
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Nanotechnol 17:1255–1266
1
0
abovementioned results indicate that Cu was the catalytic
active center when diethanolamine dehydrogenation was
used to obtain disodium iminodiacetic acid, which con-
ꢃicts with previous literature. XPS and XRD were used to
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analyze the structure and reaction results of the Cu/ZrO
2
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0
catalysts, and showed that Cu played a key role in the ꢀrst
step of the dehydrogenation of diethanolamine to form inter-
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mediate aldehydes. Meanwhile, Cu was also essential for
1
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transforming intermediate aldehydes into disodium iminodi-
acetic acid. The formation mechanism of glycine, the main
by-product of diethanolamine dehydrogenation, was also
proposed for the ꢀrst time. By analyzing the presence of
acetaldehyde in the gases produced by the reaction, it was
surmised that intermediate aldehydes or alkenes underwent
keto-enol tautomerism and imine-enamine tautomerism, to
generate a Schiꢁ base, followed by hydrolysis to produce the
main by-products sodium glycinate, sodium glycolate, and
sodium silicate. This mechanism is proposed to improve the
yield of the main product, iminodiacetic acid, and guide the
optimization of the process conditions.
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Acknowledgements Support from the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant No. NSFC 21576229) is gratefully
acknowledged.
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Compliance with Ethical Standards
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Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conꢃicts of
2
:584–589
interest.
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