Catalysis Science & Technology
DOI: 10.1039/C5CY01747E
were easily dispersed into ethanol. Given in this point, before
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each run, the amount of the catalyst was replenished up to the
initial weight by adding the same recovered catalysts collected
from another parallel experiment. The FTꢀIR spectra (Fig. S4) of
the spent CND materials subjected to four runs in both
transesterification and Knoevenagel condensation displayed
almost the same bands as the fresh one (Fig. 6). In the case of
Knoevenagel condensation reactions, the conversions during the
four successive runs were all above 93.0% (Table S2), without
no apparent loss of catalytic activity. On the other hand, the
desired product, i.e. 2ꢀbenzylidenemalononitrile, contributed
above 96% in all these catalytic runs. As for the
transesterification reactions, as listed in Table 5, the catalytic
conversion and selectivity showed no significant loss after the
four repetitious runs, indicating that the material was quite stable
and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the baseꢀcatalyzed
reactions. Therefore, combining the catalytic activities in both
Knoevenagel condensation and transesterification reactions, it
can be concluded that, compared with those prepared using
typical HF solution as a detemplating agent, the mesoporous
CND materials detemplated by alkaline solution could serve
higher performances in wide base catalysis.
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In summary, we have prepared mesoporous gꢀCN materials via a
nanocasting through a new detemplating approach. The alkaline
solutions could effectively remove the silica template, and the
synthesized CND materials have successfully negatively
replicated the original ordered mesostructures of the template.
The textural properties of CND samples were dependant on the
concentration of alkaline solutions. The employment of the
detemplating agent also induced the condensation of free triꢀsꢀ
triazine fragments and therein increased the percentage of
25
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transesterification reactions, the mesoporous CND materials
exhibited higher catalytic activities than the CND samples
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green process in the use of alkaline instead of HF solution, along
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This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation
of China (21203014), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced
Catalytic Materials and Technology (BM2012110), and the
Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development
of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
1
1
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Notes and references
2
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and
Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou
University, Gehu Road 1, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, PR China. Fax:
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+
86ꢀ519ꢀ86330135; Tel: +86ꢀ519ꢀ86330135; Eꢀmail:
Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) available. See
DOI: 10.1039/b000000x/
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