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Journal of the American Chemical Society
(XLPLN25XWMP2, Olympus). The phosphorescent emission
was collected using the same objective through 525/550 nm
bandꢀpass filter and recorded with a CCD camera (pixelfly vga,
PCO).
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C. 2004, 57, 375.
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Supporting Information. Supporting figures include important
control experiments and characterization data. Figure S1 shows
the chemical structure of αꢀhederin. Figure S2 shows cell
viability assays of HeLa cervical cancer cells after staining with
different concentrations of CAPP and TPEꢀTETRAD
nanoaggregates. Figure S3 shows a colocalization study with
LysoTracker Green and saponin@CAPP NPs demonstrating
that at longer incubation times the saponin AIE NPs will begin
to localize in the lysosome. Figure S4 shows CLSM images of
MDCKꢀII kidney cells stained with CAPP@saponin
demonstrating the staining efficacy in nonꢀcancerous cell lines.
Figure S5 shows the particle size distribution for saponin@NC
measured by DLS and SEM image.
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AUTHOR INFORMATION
Corresponding Author
*Corresponding author: B. Z. Tang (email: tangbenz@ust.hk)
Funding Sources
No financial conflict of interest.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was partially supported by the Innovation and
Technology Commission (ITCꢀCNERC14SC01), the National
Basic Research Program of China (973 Program;
2013CB834701 and 2013CB834702), the University Grants
Committee of Hong Kong (AoE/Pꢀ03/08) and the Research
Grants Council of Hong Kong (16301614, 16305015,
16308016, N_HKUST604/14 and AꢀHKUST605/16). B.Z.T. is
also grateful for the support from the Guangdong Innovative
Research Team Program of China (201101C0105067115) and
the Science and Technology Plan of Shenzhen
(JCYJ201602229205601482). A. N. recognizes support from
the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Program.
ABBREVIATIONS
(28) Chen, S.; Xu, X.; Liu, Y.; Yu, G.; Sun, X.; Qiu, W.; Ma, Y.;
Zhu, D. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 1541.
AIE, AggregationꢀInduced Emission; AIEgen, Aggregationꢀ
Induced Emission luminogen; CLSM, confocal laser scanning
microscope; CMC, critical micelle concentration; RTP NCs,
(29) Zhao, W.; He, Z.; Lam, J. W. Y.; Zhao, W.; He, Z.; Lam, J. W.
Y.; Peng, Q.; Ma, H.; Shuai, Z.; Bai, G. Chempr. 2017, 1, 592.
(30) Thilagar, P.; Mukherjee, S. Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 10988.
(31) Zhao, Q.; Huang, C.; Li, F. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011, 40, 2508.
(32) Kumar, R.; Ohulchanskyy, T. Y.; Roy, I.; Gupta, S. K.; Borek,
C.; Thompson, M. E.; Prasad, P. N. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
2009, 1, 1474.
(33) Lv, W.; Yang, T.; Yu, Q.; Zhao, Q.; Zhang, K. Y.; Liang, H.
Adv. Sci. 2015, 2, 10.
(34) Schmoranzer, J.; Goulian, M.; Axelrod, D.; Simon, S. M. 2000,
149, 23.
(35) Li, Y. C.; Park, M. J.; Ye, S. Am. J. Pathol. 2006, 168, 1107.
(36) Gao, M.; Su, H.; Lin, G.; Li, S.; Yu, X.; Qin, A.; Zhao, Z.;
Zhang, Z.; Tang, B. Z. Nanoscale 2016, 8, 15027.
(37) Zhao, Z.; He, B.; Tang, B. Z. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 5347.
(38) Kasai, H.; Nalwa, H. S.; Baba, K.; Kasai, H.; Fang, P. H.; Bai,
P.; Botzungꢀappert, E.; Silicon, M.; Fang, P. H.; Huan, Z.; Tsuboi,
Y.; Akita, H.; Kim, H.; Hayashi, S.; Yamamoto, K. Jpn, J. Appl.
Phys. 1996, 35, 221.
roomꢀtemperature
phosphorescent
nanocrystals;
RIR,
restriction of intramolecular rotations; CAPP, 2,3ꢀdicyanoꢀ5,6ꢀ
di(4’ꢀdiphenylaminoꢀbiphenylꢀ4ꢀyl)pyrazine; TPEꢀTETRAD,
2ꢀ(2,6ꢀbis((E)ꢀ4ꢀ(bis(4’ꢀ(1,2,2ꢀtriphenylvinyl)ꢀ[1,1’ꢀbiphenyl]ꢀ
4ꢀyl)amino)styryl)ꢀ4Hꢀpyranꢀ4ꢀylidene)malononitrile; BDBF,
1ꢀ(dibenzo[b,d]furanꢀ2ꢀyl)phenylmethanone;
hexaphenylsilole.
HPS,
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