2
148
D. Ray et al. / Carbohydrate Research 346 (2011) 2145–2148
Lower yields of 5-HMF were observed with higher and lower
amounts of [BMIM]Cl.
4.4. Analysis
Sample analysis was performed on Waters HPLC system
equipped with RID-2414 detector and a Bio-Rad Aminex HPX-
3
. Conclusion
8
7H ion exclusion column (300 mm ꢀ 7.8 mm). The mobile phase
was 5.0 mM H SO at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The column tem-
2
4
2 5
A metal-free fructose dehydration method using P O acting as
perature was 60 °C, and the detector temperature was set at 40 °C.
an effective dehydrating acid catalyst has been developed. Solid
inorganic anhydrides and acids were used to compare the yield
of 5-HMF formed. P O was found to be far more promising com-
2 5
Acknowledgment
pared to all others. This reaction system requires much milder con-
ditions than most of the reported procedures and a reaction
temperature of 50 °C is sufficient enough to produce good yields
of 5-HMF.
This work was supported by Priority Research Centers Program
through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded
by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-
0
028300).
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9
5
5.0% of that obtained from the analysis of aqueous layer. The
-HMF yield was calculated as follows:
2
2
ðMoles of 5-HMF formedÞ
5
-HMF yield ðmol %Þ ¼
ꢀ 100
ðMoles of fructose in substrateÞ