Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and
Biomolecular Spectroscopy
Short communication
tetrazolium based ionic liquid
Prashant Singha,∗, Pradeep Kumarb, Kamlesh Kumaric, Pankaj Sharmaa, Subho Mozumdarb,
Ramesh Chandrab
a A. R. S. D. College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
b Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
c Department of Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 2 June 2010
Received in revised form 28 October 2010
Accepted 30 November 2010
In the present work, we report a novel method for the synthesis of palladium and lead nanoparticles
by the reduction method in tetrazolium ring based ionic liquid. Palladium and lead nanoparticles so-
prepared were well characterized by powder X-ray diffraction measurements (pXRD), transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and quasi elastic light scattering (QELS) techniques. Powder X-ray diffrac-
tion (pXRD) analysis revealed all relevant Bragg’s reflection for crystal structure of palladium and lead.
Powder X-ray diffraction plots also revealed no oxidized material of palladium and lead nanoparticles.
TEM showed nearly uniform distribution of the particles in methanol and confirmed by QELS. Typical
applications of palladium nanoparticles include in vitro use and sensor design applications. Palladium
nanoparticles is also ideal for spin coating, self-assembly and monolayer formation. Palladium nanopar-
ticles can also be considered as potential new catalysts.
Keywords:
Palladium and lead
Green synthesis
pXRD
TEM and QELS
© 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Because of their tunable polarity and hydrophobicity, they can
solvate various organic, inorganic, and polymeric compounds, and
the synthesis and application of metal nanoparticles in view of
their unique properties compared to the bulk metals [1,2]. Lead
diverse fields especially chemical reactions [3]. The various syn-
reverse micelles, [5] reduction of aqueous lead and palladium salts,
[6] UV-light irradiation, [7–9]. The core–shell particles are of great
in the use of room temperature ionic liquids as promising substi-
tutes for volatile organic solvents. Ionic liquids have been employed
as reaction media for several organic reactions, namely alkylation
[11], hydrogenation [12], oxidation [13].
have been used as green solvents for liquid–liquid separations,
extractions, and recycling in homogeneous catalysis. Along with
cles and give small size particles. Palladium and lead are widely
used materials in the world. It has a great significance in all indus-
tries, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector. Palladium and lead
nanoparticles have been synthesized and characterized by differ-
ent methods. Stability and reactivity are the two important factors
that impede the use and development of the metal cluster [22–26].
Ionic liquid have very important in the preparation of Pb and Pd
nanoparticles as they acts as solvent as well as they provide stabil-
ity to the nanoparticles. We cannot prepare these nanoparticles in
aqueous system because they get oxidized and forms metal oxide.
The fields that have recently been greatly impacted by the
advancement in nanostructured materials are biology, biophysics,
and medicine. The nanobiology toolkit has been greatly enhanced
by noble metal nanostructures, which have proven to be highly ver-
satile and tunable materials for a range of bioapplications including
biophysical studies, biological sensing, imaging, medical diagnos-
tics, and cancer therapy. In this account, we describe the interesting
optical properties of noble metal nanostructures and discuss recent
research advances in their bioapplications.
way catalyst), Heck reaction, Suzuki reaction, Stille coupling and
C–N coupling. Also, Pd nanoparticles with preferentially exposed
(1 1 1) show high catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of 1,3-
butadiene [14–21].
Some of the methods are sonochemical, ꢀ-irradiation, UV-
irradiation, microemulsion technique and polyol reduction.
However, the facile, cost-effective and large-scale synthetic meth-
∗
Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 11 24113436.
1386-1425/$ – see front matter © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.