86
N. Kanari et al. / Thermochimica Acta 335 (1999) 79±86
5. Conclusions
References
Â
Â
Chlorination and carbochlorination of wuÈstite,
under non-isothermal conditions, started at tempera-
tures lower than 2508C. Hematite and ferric chloride
were the ®nal reaction product. The presence of
carbon monoxide had almost no effect during the
treatment up to 5508C.
Hematite seems to be refractory, under non-isother-
mal conditions, to Cl2 N2 gas mixture up to about
7008C. Its carbochlorination began at about 5508C and
total reaction was achieved at temperatures approach-
ing 10008C.
Full carbochlorination of wuÈstite and hematite pro-
ducing gaseous ferric chloride was possible at 5508C
and a reaction time of 2 h. An apparent activation
energy of about 53 kJ/mol was obtained for the carbo-
chlorination of hematite between 3508C and 5508C.
Besides chlorine, ferric chloride can react with
wuÈstite at low temperatures generating higher oxides
of iron and ferrous chloride despite the presence of
carbon monoxide.
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This work was performed in the frame of contract
no. BRE2-CT92-0173 thanks to the ®nancial support
of the European Union (DG-XII). The authors thank
Dr. H.L. Schmidt for discussion, suggestion and help.
They also would like to thank Dr. J.C. Mugica, Dr. R.
Solozabal (INASMET, San Sebastian, Spain) and Dr.
M. Coelho (INETI, Lisbon, Portugal) for technical
discussions. The authors are indebted to Dr. A. Bona-
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and oxides: Part III. Rate of chlorination of Fe2O3 and NiO in
Cl2 and HCl, Met. Trans. 4(12) (1973) 2793±2797.
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Mirghaffari for discussions and help on different
subjects and to Mrs. C. Richard for technical and
administrative support.