Angewandte Chemie International Edition
10.1002/anie.202008253
COMMUNICATION
The initial capacity was close to the theoretical one and
retained 87.4% of its initial capacity while maintaining
high coulombic efficiency between 97─99% and current
efficiencies of 91─94% during 250 cycles. Galvanostatic
cycling gave values close to theoretical capacities at
current densities of 1.9 mA∙cm (Figure 3b). Remarkably,
these results were obtained under ambient condition
without the exclusion of air. The solubility of MHQ in 0.5
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[
‒
1
M H
3 4
PO is ~140 g∙L . This translates to an energy
‒
1
density of 27.1 Wh∙L at a voltage difference of 1 V when
2
+
choosing a suitable counter‒side (e.g., viologen, S/S ).
In conclusion, we synthesized MHQ from vanillin and
elaborated the foundations to employ the MQ/MHQ redox
couple for RFBs. These quinones decompose in
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2
[
[
2
Using 0.5 M H
3
PO
4
as solvent, we stabilized the
MQ/MHQ couple giving 97-99% coulombic efficiency
over 250 cycles in a full RFB. The cycle number
corresponds to more than 8 months continuous battery
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1
[
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operation in
stationary storage
with ca.
1
6
charge/discharge cycle per day. At the counter electrode,
a well-known reference compound, pBQ was used, which
can also be produced from natural resources (e.g.,
oxidation of quinic acid) using simple procedures. Further
studies are required to investigate the applicability in
large scale and counter-sides with suitably high voltage
difference in the chosen medium. The MQ/MHQ redox-
couple could be one of the first bio-based quinones,
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Experimental procedures, and additional data (NMR, GC-MS, X-
ray; ESR), Fig. S1-S11, Tab. S1-S9. Deposition Number 1991959
contains the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper.
These data are provided free of charge by the joint Cambridge
Crystallographic Data Centre and Fachinformationszentrum
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The Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) is gratefully
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Keywords: Redox-Flow Battery• Quinone • Vanillin • Lignin •
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