INORGANIC AND NANO-METAL CHEMISTRY
7
These images of nano-CaO show a good morphology that par-
ticles are more homogeneous than commercial CaO. However,
nano-CaO particles calcined at 900 C were column like indi-
[7] Seong, P.-J.; Jeon, B. W.; Lee, M.; Cho, D. H.; Kim, D.-K.; Jung,
K. S.; Kim, S. W.; Han, S. O.; Kim, Y. H.; Park, C. Enzymatic
Coproduction of Biodiesel and Glycerol Carbonate from
ꢀ
cating sintering of the surface so as to its relatively low yield of
2
ꢀ
biodiesel, while nano-CaO particles calcined at 800 C which
[8] Tang, Y.; Cheng, Q. T.; Cao, H.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, J.; Li, H. F.
Coupling Transesterifications for No-Glycerol Biodiesel
are concentrated in spheres and the particle size distribution is
more uniform indicating the good dispersivity which have
good relationship with its best catalytic performance.
1
9] Moradi, G.; Mohadesi, M. Z.; Hojabri, J. Biodiesel Production
by CaO/SiO Catalyst Synthesized by the Sol–Gel Process.
[
2
Conclusion
[
10] Kouzu, M.; Kasuno, T.; Tajika, M.; Sugimoto, Y.; Yamanaka, S.;
In this research, nano-CaO obtained by sol-gel method
exhibited high activity in the transesterification of rapeseed
oil with DMC and methanol to produce biodiesel. At 1:1:8
molar ratio of oil to DMC to methanol, addition of 5 wt%
Hidaka, J. Calcium Oxide as Solid Base Catalyst for
a
Transesterification of Soybean Oil and Its Application to
ꢀ
[11] Zhang, J.; Cai, D.; Wang, S. S.; Tang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, Y.;
Gao, X. Q. Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Fatty Acid
Amide from Soybean Oil Methyl Ester Catalysed by Modified
CaO. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 2014, 92, 871–875.
nano-CaO catalyst (calcined at 800 C), gave the best results
ꢀ
with FAME yield exceeded 92% at 4 h under 65 C reaction
temperature, which shorten 2 h of reaction time than com-
mercial CaO at the same reaction condition. The large sur- [12] Reyero, I.; Arzamendi, G.; Gand ꢀı a, L. M. Heterogenization of
face area and strong basic properties results in a remarkable
high activity of nano-CaO. Based on this highly efficient
and low-cost catalyst, the production of biodiesel could be
greatly enhanced and the production cost could be reduced.
the biodiesel synthesis catalysis: CaO and novel calcium com-
2
13] Liu, S.; Ma, J.; Guan, L.; Li, J.; Wei, W.; Sun, Y. Mesoporous
CaO–ZrO Nano-Oxides: Novel Solid Base with High
14] Yaakob, Z.; Mohammad, M.; Alherbawi, M.; Alam, Z.; Sopian,
K. Overview of the Production of Biodiesel from Waste
[
[
[
[
[
2
A
1
Acknowlegement
We are thankful for the work of Modern Analysis and Testing Center
of Xi’an Shiyou University.
15] Intarapong, P.; Iangthanarat, S.; Phanthong, P.; Luengnaruemitchai,
A.; Jai-In, S.; Jai-In, A. Activity and basic properties of KOH/mor-
Funding
The work was supported financially by National Science Foundation of
China (No. 21763030), Scientific Research Plan Projects of Shaanxi
Science and Technology Department (2019GY-136) and Xi’an Science
and Technology Project (201805038YD16CG22(3)).
16] Soetaredjo, F. E.; Ayucitra, A.; Ismadji, S.; Maukar, A. L. KOH/
Bentonite Catalysts for Transesterification of Palm Oil to
17] Kai, T.; Mak, G. L.; Wada, S.; Nakazato, T.; Takanashi, H.;
Uemura, Y. Production of Biodiesel Fuel from Canola Oil with
Dimethyl Carbonate Using an Active Sodium Methoxide
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Kinetics of biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil over CaO