W. Yang et al. / Carbohydrate Research 357 (2012) 53–61
61
where: c—furfural mass concentration of total distillate; m
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mass of xylose; 96—the mole mass of furfural.
1
—the to-
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0
The furfural in the distillate was monitored by gas chromatog-
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ꢀ1
was 80 mlꢂmin . Detector, injector, and column temperatures
were 230, 230, and 220 °C, respectively. Ethanol was internal stan-
dard substance. Under these conditions, the retention times for
ethanol and furfural were 2.3 and 3.1 min, respectively. The furfu-
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monitored by Agilent 1100 HPLC equipment. The column was a Su-
gar SH1011 (Shodex, 8mmID ꢁ 300 mm). The HPLC was operated
5
1
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ꢀ1
at the temperature 60 °C and eluted with 0.5 mlꢂmin flow of sul-
ꢀ1
furic (0.5 mmol L in water). The temperature of Refractive Index
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